Browsing by Subject "water management"
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Item Survey-based estimation of domestic water saving potential in the case of Manisa City(2008) Yurdusev M.A.; Kumanlioǧlu A.A.In this paper, domestic water saving potential in the case of Manisa, Turkey has been investigated. Firstly, domestic water use forms are analyzed in an attempt to estimate how much water is used by a particular use in total domestic use. Then, the water conservation measures for each water practice are examined and some easy-to-apply measures proposed. Finally, an experimental study was conducted to determine if the domestic water conservation measures proposed were applicable for the city considered. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed and 200 respondents were asked to fill it in. The respondents were chosen from different people based on education level, financial status and size of the family to represent the society living in the city. Based on the results of the study, it is shown that the measures proposed are quite applicable and around 27% saving is manageable if the proposed measures are publicized adequately and applied effectively. © Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2007.Item Comparative analysis of fuzzy inference systems for water consumption time series prediction(2009) Firat M.; Turan M.E.; Yurdusev M.A.Two types of fuzzy inference systems (FIS) are used for predicting municipal water consumption time series. The FISs used include an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a Mamdani fuzzy inference systems (MFIS). The prediction models are constructed based on the combination of the antecedent values of water consumptions. The performance of ANFIS and MFIS models in training and testing phases are compared with the observations and the best fit model is identified according to the selected performance criteria. The results demonstrated that the ANFIS model is superior to MFIS models and can be successfully applied for prediction of water consumption time series. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Water use prediction by radial and feed-forward neural nets(2009) Yurdusev M.A.; Firat M.; Mermer M.; Turan M.E.In this study, applicability of feed-forward and radial-basis neural networks for monthly water consumption prediction from several socio-economic and climatic factors affecting water use is investigated. A data set including a total of 108 data records is divided into two subsets: training and testing. Firstly, the models based on a single input variable are trained and tested by feed-forward and radial methods and feed-forward and radial performances of the models are compared. Then, the models based on multiple input variables are constructed according to performances of the models based on a single input variable. The performances of feed-forward and radial models in training and testing phases are compared with the observations and the best-fit model is identified. For this purpose, several criteria such as normalised root mean square error, efficiency and correlation coefficient are calculated for all models. Subsequently, the best-fit models are also trained and tested by multiple linear regression for comparison. The results indicated that feed-forward and radial methods can be applied successfully for monthly water consumption prediction. © 2009 Thomas Telford.Item An Indicator Based Assessment for Water Resources Management in Gediz River Basin, Turkey(2010) Yilmaz B.; Harmancioglu N.B.In this study, a water resources management model that facilitates indicator-based decisions with respect to environmental, social and economic dimensions is developed for the Gediz River Basin in Turkey. The basic input of the proposed model is the quantity of surface water that is greatly allocated to irrigation purposes; therefore, supply and demand interrelations in agricultural water use constitute the main focus of the study. The model has been applied under three different hydro-meteorological scenarios that reflect baseline as well as better and worse conditions of water supply and demand, not only to reach an assessment of water budget, but also to evaluate the impacts of proposed management alternatives under different conditions. The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software is used as a simulation and evaluation tool to assess the performance of possible management alternatives, which is measured by nine proposed indicators. The results of the study have indicated that the Gediz River Basin is quite sensitive to drought conditions, and the agricultural sector is significantly affected by irrigation deficits that increase sharply in drought periods. Even if the optimistic scenario is assumed to occur, it is not possible to observe a significant improvement in the water budget; however, the negative impacts of climate change can possibly exacerbate the water crisis. The indicators also verified that, efficient water management is crucial to ensure the sustainable use of water resources with respect to environmental, social and economic dimensions. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.Item Characterization and immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on magnetic chitosan-clay composite beads for phenol removal(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2015) Aydemir T.; Güler S.Laccase from Trametes versicolor was immobilized on magnetic chitosan-clay composite beads by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The physical, chemical, and biochemical properties of the immobilized laccase and its application in phenol removal were comprehensively investigated. The structure and morphology of the composite beads were characterized by SEM, TGA, and FTIR analyses. The immobilized laccase showed better storage stability and higher tolerance to the changes in pH and temperature compared with free laccase. Moreover, the immobilized laccase retained more than 75% of its original activity after 10 cycles. The efficiency of phenol removal by immobilized laccase was about 80% under the optimum conditions after 4 h. Copyright © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.Item Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by low cost and waste biosorbents (lemon, bean and artichoke shells)(IWA Publishing, 2020) Ergüvenerler F.; Targan Ş.; Tirtom V.N.Simple, fast, effective, low cost and waste biosorbents, lemon, bean and artichoke shells, were used to remove lead (II) ions from aqueous solution. The influence of pH, contact time, temperature and lead (II) concentration of the removal process was investigated. The sufficient contact time was deemed 10 minutes for bean and artichoke shells and 60 minutes for lemon shells for Pb(II) ions. The thermodynamic parameters, such as standard free energy (AG), standard enthalpy (AH), and standard entropy (AS) of the adsorption process were calculated as -5.6786, -5.5758, -3.1488 kJmol- 1 for AG, -7.2791, -20.285, -9.5561 kJ mol-1 for AH, -0.00545, -0.05017, -0.02185 kJ mol-1 K-1 for AS, respectively, for lemon, artichoke and bean shells. Maximum adsorption capacities of lead (II) were observed as 61.30 m g g - 1, 88.5 mgg- 1 and 62.81 m g g - 1, respectively, for lemon, bean and artichoke shells according to the Freundlich isotherm model at 20 °C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) were used to characterize the surface morphology of the adsorbents. Consequently, Pb(II) removal using lemon, bean and artichoke shells would be an effective method for the economic treatment of wastewater. © IWA Publishing 2020 Water Science & TechnologyItem Removal of 209Po from aquatic environment and its equilibrium and thermodynamic parameters(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Hicsonmez U.; Erenturk S.A.; Gorgun A.U.; Aslani M.A.A.In this study, removal of 209Po from aqueous media using a natural zeolite as an adsorbent material was investigated. The adsorption experiments were performed by batch technique. The influence of specific process parameters such as initial concentration, pH of solution, contact time and temperature was studied to predict the optimum conditions for effective removing of 210Po. Initial and equilibrium activity concentration of 209Po in solutions was counted by a ZnS(Ag) alpha scintillation counter. Adsorption yield of 209Po onto the zeolite was determined as 90 ± 2% at pH: <3 and 25 °C for 40 min of contact time. The applications of the isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms were studied to evaluate adsorption characteristics of 209Po onto natural zeolite. Results indicated that the Dubinin-Radushkevich and Freundlich models gave a better fit to the experimental data than Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) of adsorption process were calculated. The change in entropy (ΔSo) and enthalpy (ΔHo) were estimated to be −0.0003 J nmol−1 K−1 and 0.1008 kJ nmol−1, respectively. © 2020 Elsevier LtdItem A new approach for characterization of meteorological and hydrological droughts: Cumulative standardized drought index (CSDI)(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Kumanlioglu A.A.Identifying drought events and their characteristics for a river watershed that provides drinking water for metropolitan centers is crucial to sustaining water resources management. In this study, Cumulative Standardized Drought Index (CSDI) is developed to examine the effect of previous dry or wet periods on the characteristics of the drought event. Meteorological and hydrological droughts of the Gordes and Tahtali watersheds, which provide a significant part of the drinking water of Izmir, Turkey, determined for 1, 3, 6 and 12 month time scale by CSDI. The peak turning points of CSDI according to time show the transition from wet to dry period, whereas the lowest turning points do the transition from dry to wet period. Cumulative sum (CUSUM), Pettitt and means square error (MSE) analyzes are used to determine whether the turning points are significant turning point. As a result of the study, the characteristics of dry events, duration, magnitude and intensity, are determined with CSDI, especially those occurring at short time scales such as 1 and 3 months. In addition, the characteristics of meteorological and hydrological droughts observed at 12 month time scale are determined with the CSDI method and the Run Theory and comparisons were made in the study. As a result of the comparison, it is found that drought events, which seem to be different drought periods, indicate a single period when the effect of the past periods is considered. It is shown that the CSDI method can be used adequately to determine the dry and wet periods and their characteristics of the watersheds. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd