The effect of tramadol on minimal alveolar enflurane concentrations in children; [TRAMADOL'UN COCUKLARDA MINIMAL ALVEOLER ENFLURAN KONSANTRASYONLARINA ETKISI]
Abstract
Laryngospasm following extubation can be quite troublesome after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy for children. High end-tidal anesthetic concentrations may prevent the anesthetized patients from coughing or moving during and immediately after tracheal extubation, but extubating while the child is quite deeply anesthetized is uncommon in current practice. In this study it has been proved that tramadol given intravenously at a dose of 2 mg/kg following extubation is quite effective in preventing laryngospasm in children after adenoidectomy, and does not cause respiratory depression. Eighty-seven children undergoing adenoidectomy and myringotomy were divided randomly into two groups consisting of 33 and 54 children. Tramadol was given intravenously after the induction of anesthesia to the larger group. Anesthesia was maintained with enflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen in both groups. End-tidal enflurane concentrations were sampled from a -T- piece attached to the endotracheal tube and measured continuously by mass spectrometry. Oxygen saturations were monitored by pulse oximetry. The minimum alveolar concentrations of enflurane for satisfactory tracheal extubation were found to be 1.9 ± 0.5% and 0.8 ± 0.4% in group I and group II children, respectively. In anesthetized children between ages 2 and 9, tracheal extubation may be accomplished without coughing, laryngospasm or respiratory depression with smaller end-tidal enflurane concentrations, if tramadol is administered previously.
Description
Keywords
enflurane , nitrous oxide , tramadol , adenoidectomy , article , child , clinical trial , controlled clinical trial , controlled study , endotracheal intubation , female , human , intravenous drug administration , larynx spasm , major clinical study , male , minimum lung alveolus concentration , myringotomy , pediatric anesthesia , randomized controlled trial , respiration depression