Cytokine expression profiles in children and adolescents with tic disorders

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dc.contributor.authorKutuk M.O.
dc.contributor.authorTufan A.E.
dc.contributor.authorKilicaslan F.
dc.contributor.authorGokcen C.
dc.contributor.authorAksu G.G.
dc.contributor.authorYektas C.
dc.contributor.authorKandemir H.
dc.contributor.authorCelik F.
dc.contributor.authorMutluer T.
dc.contributor.authorBuber A.
dc.contributor.authorKaradag M.
dc.contributor.authorCoban N.
dc.contributor.authorCoskun S.
dc.contributor.authorHangul Z.
dc.contributor.authorAltintas E.
dc.contributor.authorAcikbas U.
dc.contributor.authorGiray A.
dc.contributor.authorAka Y.
dc.contributor.authorBasturk B.
dc.contributor.authorKutuk O.
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-22T08:01:03Z
dc.date.available2024-07-22T08:01:03Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractThe etiology of tic disorders (TDs) is not precisely known, although several lines of evidence suggest involvement of the immune system in pathogenesis. Here, we aimed to determine the expression levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with TD and compare them with those of healthy controls. Furthermore, we also evaluated their association with clinical variables in the TD group. Within the study period, 88 children with tic disorders and 111 healthy control children were enrolled. Most children with tic disorders were diagnosed with Tourette’s disorder (n = 47, 53.4%) or persistent motor tic disorder (n = 39, 44.3%), while the remainder (n = 2, 2.3%) were diagnosed with persistent vocal tic disorder. We found that children with tic disorders had significantly elevated levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-4 expression, while we detected lower expression levels of IL-17 in children with tic disorders. Our findings provide a molecular landscape of cytokine expression in children with TD, which may suggest a proinflammatory state not affected by the presence of comorbidity and symptom severity. Delineating the contribution of alterations in the immune system to the pathogenesis of tic disorders may pave the way for better therapeutic interventions. © The Author(s) 2024.
dc.identifier.DOI-ID10.1038/s41598-024-62121-z
dc.identifier.issn20452322
dc.identifier.urihttp://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/11301
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.publisherNature Research
dc.rightsAll Open Access; Gold Open Access
dc.subjectAdolescent
dc.subjectCase-Control Studies
dc.subjectChild
dc.subjectChild, Preschool
dc.subjectCytokines
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectTic Disorders
dc.subjectcytokine
dc.subjectadolescent
dc.subjectcase control study
dc.subjectchild
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjectmale
dc.subjectmetabolism
dc.subjectpreschool child
dc.subjecttic
dc.titleCytokine expression profiles in children and adolescents with tic disorders
dc.typeArticle

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