Effect of 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation on the Inner Ear: A Histopathological Study on 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation and Cochlea

dc.contributor.authorTahir E.
dc.contributor.authorAkar Karadayı A.
dc.contributor.authorGürgen S.G.
dc.contributor.authorKorunur Engiz B.
dc.contributor.authorTurgut A.
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-22T08:01:57Z
dc.date.available2024-07-22T08:01:57Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: The present study aims to determine the possible low dose-dependent adverse effects of 2.45 GHz microwave exposure and Wi-Fi frequency on the cochlea. METHODS: Twelve pregnant female rats (n = 12) and their male newborns were exposed to Wi-Fi frequencies with varying electric field values of 0.6, 1.9, 5, 10 V/m, and 15 V/m during the 21-day gestation period and 45 days after birth, except for the control group. Auditory brainstem response testing was performed before exposure and sacrification. After removal of the cochlea, histopathological examination was conducted by immunohistochemistry methods using caspase (cysteine-aspartic proteases, cysteine aspartates, or cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases)-3,-9, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests and multivariate analysis of variance were used. RESULTS: Auditory brainstem response thresholds in postexposure tests increased statistically significantly at 5 V/m and above doses. When the number of apoptotic cells was compared in immunohistochemistry examination, significant differences were found at 10 V/m and 15 V/m doses (F(5,15) = 23.203, P = .001; Pillai’s trace = 1.912, η2 = 0.637). As the magnitude of the electric field increased, all histopathological indicators of apoptosis increased. The most significant effect was noted on caspase-9 staining (η2c9 = 0.996), followed by caspase-3 (η2c3 = 0.991), and TUNEL staining (η2t = 0.801). Caspase-3, caspase-9, and TUNEL-stained cell densities increased directly by increasing the electric field and power values. CONCLUSION: Apoptosis and immune activity in the cochlea depend on the electric field and power value. Even at low doses, the electromagnetic field in Wi-Fi frequency damages the inner ear and causes apoptosis. © 2024, AVES. All rights reserved.
dc.identifier.DOI-ID10.5152/iao.2024.231142
dc.identifier.issn13087649
dc.identifier.urihttp://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/11664
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.publisherAVES
dc.rightsAll Open Access; Green Open Access
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectApoptosis
dc.subjectCaspase 3
dc.subjectCaspase 9
dc.subjectCochlea
dc.subjectCysteine
dc.subjectEar, Inner
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectMicrowaves
dc.subjectPregnancy
dc.subjectRats
dc.subjectcaspase 3
dc.subjectcaspase 9
dc.subjectcysteine
dc.subjectanimal
dc.subjectapoptosis
dc.subjectcochlea
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjectinner ear
dc.subjectmale
dc.subjectmetabolism
dc.subjectmicrowave radiation
dc.subjectpathology
dc.subjectphysiology
dc.subjectpregnancy
dc.subjectrat
dc.titleEffect of 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation on the Inner Ear: A Histopathological Study on 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation and Cochlea
dc.typeArticle

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