Thymoquinone glucuronide conjugated magnetic nanoparticle for bimo-dal imaging and treatment of cancer as a novel theranostic platform
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Date
2021
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Abstract
Background: Theranostic oncology combines therapy and diagnosis and is a new field of medicine that specifically targets the disease by using targeted molecules to destroy the cancer-ous cells without damaging the surrounding healthy tissues. Objective: We aimed to develop a tool that exploits enzymatic TQ release from glucuronide (G) for the imaging and treatment of lung cancer. We added magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to enable magnetic hyperthermia and MRI, as well as 131I to enable SPECT imaging and radionuclide thera-py. Methods: A glucuronide derivative of thymoquinone (TQG) was enzymatically synthesized and conjugated with the synthesized MNP and then radioiodinated with 131I. New Zealand white rab-bits were used in SPECT and MRI studies, while tumor modeling studies were performed on 6–7-week-old nude mice utilized with bioluminescence imaging. Results: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra confirmed the expected structures of TQG. The dimensions of nanoparticles were below 10 nm and they had rather polyhedral shapes. Nanoparticles were radioiodinated with 131I with over 95% yield. In imaging studies, in xenograft models, tumor volume was significantly reduced in TQGMNP-treated mice but not in non-treated mice. Among mice treated intravenously with TQGMNP, xenograft tumor models disappeared after 10 and 15 days, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TQGMNP in solid, semi-solid and liquid formulations can be developed using different radiolabeling nuclides for applications in multimodality imaging (SPECT and MRI). By altering the characteristics of radionuclides, TQGMNP may ultimately be used not only for diagnosis but also for the treatment of various cancers as an in vitro diagnostic kit for the diagnosis of beta glucuronidase-rich cancers. © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Animals , Benzoquinones , Cell Line, Tumor , Disease Models, Animal , Glucuronides , Iodine Radioisotopes , Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetite Nanoparticles , Mice , Mice, Nude , Precision Medicine , Rabbits , Radiopharmaceuticals , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , iodine 131 , magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle , thymoquinone , thymoquinone glucuronide , unclassified drug , benzoquinone derivative , glucuronide , Iodine-131 , magnetite nanoparticle , radioactive iodine , radiopharmaceutical agent , thymoquinone , animal experiment , animal model , Article , cancer therapy , controlled study , drug conjugation , drug formulation , drug structure , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , human , human cell , lung cancer , mouse , multimodal imaging , nonhuman , nuclear magnetic resonance , particle size , priority journal , radioiodination , radiolabeling , single photon emission computed tomography , theranostic nanomedicine , tumor volume , animal , diagnostic imaging , disease model , Leporidae , lung , lung tumor , nuclear magnetic resonance imaging , nude mouse , personalized medicine , procedures , radiation response , tumor cell line