Usage of whey protein may cause liver damage via inflammatory and apoptotic responses

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dc.contributor.authorGürgen S.G.
dc.contributor.authorYücel A.T.
dc.contributor.authorKarakuş A.
dc.contributor.authorÇeçen D.
dc.contributor.authorÖzen G.
dc.contributor.authorKoçtürk S.
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-22T08:12:53Z
dc.date.available2024-07-22T08:12:53Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.description.abstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the long- and short-term inflammatory and apoptotic effects of whey protein on the livers of non-exercising rats. Thirty rats were divided into three groups namely (1) control group, (2) short-term whey (WS) protein diet (252 g/kg for 5 days), and (3) long-term whey (WL) protein diet (252 g/kg for 4 weeks). Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18-M30) were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemical methods. Apoptosis was evaluated using the terminal transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated by quanitation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Based on the biochemical levels and immunohistochemical results, the highest level of IL-1β was identified in the WL group (p < 0.01). The IL-6 and TNF-α results were slightly lower in the WS group than in the control group and were highest in the WL group (p < 0.01). The CK-18-M30 and TUNEL results were highest in the WS group and exhibited medium intensity in the WL group (p < 0.01). AST results were statistically significant for all groups, while our ALT groups were particularly significant between the WL and control groups (p < 0.01). The results showed that when whey protein is used in an uninformed manner and without exercising, adverse effects on the liver may occur by increasing the apoptotic signal in the short term and increasing inflammatory markers and hepatotoxicity in the long term. © The Author(s) 2014.
dc.identifier.DOI-ID10.1177/0960327114556787
dc.identifier.issn09603271
dc.identifier.urihttp://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/16204
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.publisherSAGE Publications Ltd
dc.subjectAlanine Transaminase
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectApoptosis
dc.subjectAspartate Aminotransferases
dc.subjectCytokines
dc.subjectInflammation
dc.subjectKeratin-18
dc.subjectLiver
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectRats, Wistar
dc.subjectWhey Proteins
dc.subjectRattus
dc.subjectalanine aminotransferase
dc.subjectaspartate aminotransferase
dc.subjectcytokeratin 18
dc.subjectinterleukin 1beta
dc.subjectinterleukin 6
dc.subjectmilk protein
dc.subjecttumor necrosis factor alpha
dc.subjectalanine aminotransferase
dc.subjectaspartate aminotransferase
dc.subjectcytokeratin 18
dc.subjectcytokine
dc.subjectwhey protein
dc.subjectalanine aminotransferase blood level
dc.subjectanimal experiment
dc.subjectanimal model
dc.subjectanimal tissue
dc.subjectapoptosis
dc.subjectArticle
dc.subjectaspartate aminotransferase blood level
dc.subjectbile duct
dc.subjectbiochemical analysis
dc.subjectbody weight
dc.subjectcell infiltration
dc.subjectcentral vein
dc.subjectcontrolled study
dc.subjectenzyme linked immunosorbent assay
dc.subjectimmunohistochemistry
dc.subjectimmunoreactivity
dc.subjectinflammation
dc.subjectinflammatory cell
dc.subjectliver cell
dc.subjectliver injury
dc.subjectliver lobule
dc.subjectliver toxicity
dc.subjectliver weight
dc.subjectmale
dc.subjectnonhuman
dc.subjectpriority journal
dc.subjectprotein blood level
dc.subjectprotein diet
dc.subjectrat
dc.subjectTUNEL assay
dc.subjectwhey
dc.subjectanimal
dc.subjectapoptosis
dc.subjectblood
dc.subjectchemically induced
dc.subjectdrug effects
dc.subjectinflammation
dc.subjectliver
dc.subjectmetabolism
dc.subjectpathology
dc.subjectWistar rat
dc.titleUsage of whey protein may cause liver damage via inflammatory and apoptotic responses
dc.typeArticle

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