Marine anticancer agents: An overview with a particular focus on their chemical classes
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Date
2020
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Abstract
The marine environment is a rich source of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases, especially cancer. The adaptation to unique environmental conditions led marine organisms to evolve different pathways than their terrestrial counterparts, thus producing unique chemicals with a broad diversity and complexity. So far, more than 36,000 compounds have been isolated from marine micro- and macro-organisms including but not limited to fungi, bacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, sponges, corals, mollusks and tunicates, with hundreds of new marine natural products (MNPs) being discovered every year. Marine-based pharmaceuticals have started to impact modern pharmacology and different anti-cancer drugs derived from marine compounds have been approved for clinical use, such as: cytarabine, vidarabine, nelarabine (prodrug of ara-G), fludarabine phosphate (pro-drug of ara-A), trabectedin, eribulin mesylate, brentuximab vedotin, polatuzumab vedotin, enfortumab vedotin, belantamab mafodotin, plitidepsin, and lurbinectedin. This review focuses on the bioactive molecules derived from the marine environment with anticancer activity, discussing their families, origin, structural features and therapeutic use. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Keywords
Animals , Antineoplastic Agents , Aquatic Organisms , Biological Products , Drug Discovery , Humans , Marine Toxins , Neoplasms , Water Microbiology , ags 16c3f , alt p 7 , antineoplastic agent , brentuximab vedotin , cx 2029 , cytarabine , dehydrodidemnin B , depatuxizumab mafodotin , dolastatin , enapotamab vedotin , enfortumab vedotin , eribulin , fludarabine phosphate , fs 1502 , fucoidin , halichondrin B , ladiratuzumab vedotin , lurbinectedin , marine drug , midostaurin , natural product , nelarabine , plinabulin , polatuzumab vedotin , rc 88 , salinosporamide A , salinosporamide B , salinosporamide D , salinosporamide E , salinosporamide F , salinosporamide I , salinosporamide J , sgn cd 228a , staurosporine , telisotuzumab vedotin , tisotumab vedotin , trabectedin , unclassified drug , antineoplastic agent , biological product , marine toxin , antineoplastic activity , apoptosis , biodiversity , cancer cell , drug approval , drug cytotoxicity , drug design , drug determination , drug isolation , drug screening , drug structure , drug synthesis , human , marine environment , marine species , nonhuman , Review , structure activity relation , animal , aquatic species , chemistry , drug development , microbiology , neoplasm