Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Production, Biofilm Associated Virulence Genes and Integron Genes of Pseudomonas aeroginosa Isolates Obtained from Animal Clinical Samples
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2022
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Abstract
The results of antimicrobial treatment in Pseudomonas aeroginosa infections may depend not only on the antibiotic susceptibility of the etiologic agents, but also on the biofilm production and integron carrying capabilities of the bacteria. This study aimed to examine the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm production, biofilm related virulence genes, integron genes carried by P. aeroginosa isolates obtained from different animal clinical samples. A total of 67 P. aeroginosa isolates obtained from bovine mastitis, canine otitis and dermatitis cases were used as material. Bacterial identification was carried out using conventional methods. Qualitative (Congo Red Agar Test (CRA)) and quantitative (Microplate Test (MP)) methods were used to determine the phenotypic biofilm production capacity of the isolates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the genus and species level identification of the isolates, and to identify biofilmassociated virulence genes and integron genes. The resistance patterns of the isolates against 12 antibiotics belonging to 6 antimicrobial families were examined using the disk diffusion method. Isolates resistant to at least three drug classes were defined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). The Chi-Square (χ2) test was used to compare the relationship between the MDR capacity of the isolates and biofilm formation, the prevalence of biofilm-associated virulence genes and the prevalence of integron genes. It was determined that 41.8% of the isolates as by qualitative method and 64.2% by the quantitative method were biofilm producers. The genes responsible for biofilm formation, ppyR, pslA and pelA, were detected in 94.0%, 83.6% and 65.7% of the isolates, respectively. 23.9% of the isolates carried the integron gene. Piperacillin tazobactam and ceftolozane tazobactam were found to be the most effective drugs against P. aeruginosa isolates studied. 28.4% of the isolates were MDR. As a result of this study, it was determined that MP was more effective than CRA in determining biofilm production phenotypically. While there was no significant relationship between MDR capacities with phenotypically biofilm formation, the prevalence of ppyR and pslA virulence genes, the relationship between the prevalence of pelA virulence gene and the presence of integron genes, was significant. © 2022, Israel Veterinary Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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amikacin , cefepime , ceftazidime , ceftolozane plus tazobactam , ciprofloxacin , congo red , gentamicin , imipenem , levofloxacin , meropenem , piperacillin plus tazobactam , tobramycin , antibiotic resistance , antibiotic sensitivity , Article , bacterial gene , bacterial virulence , bacterium identification , bacterium isolate , biofilm , bovine mastitis , broth dilution , colony formation , controlled study , dermatitis , disk diffusion , DNA extraction , Escherichia coli , external otitis , gene amplification , integron , major clinical study , mastitis , multidrug resistance , nonhuman , otitis , phenotype , polymerase chain reaction , prevalence , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , pyoderma , qualitative analysis , quantitative analysis