Integrating K+ into Eu and Tb doped GdCa4O(BO3)3: A dual study on photoluminescence and structure

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dc.contributor.authorAltowyan A.S.
dc.contributor.authorKaynar U.H.
dc.contributor.authorHakami J.
dc.contributor.authorCoban M.B.
dc.contributor.authorAyvacikli M.
dc.contributor.authorAydin H.
dc.contributor.authorCanimoglu A.
dc.contributor.authorCan N.
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-22T08:01:12Z
dc.date.available2024-07-22T08:01:12Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractIn this study, we investigate the structural and photoluminescence (PL) properties of rare-earth-doped GdCa4O(BO3)3 (GdCOB) phosphors, specifically focusing on the spectral behaviour induced by doping with Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirm the formation of a monoclinic phase. The XRD data were also refined by a Rietveld refinement method. The existence of B, O, Ca, Gd, Tb, Eu and K elements was verified by EDS spectra. We introduce a detailed examination of the charge compensation process using Kröger-Vink notation to clarify the mechanisms essential for tailoring the optical properties of the phosphors. The PL excitation spectrum of GdCOB:Eu3+, monitored at 611 nm, reveals sharp excitation peaks at 319, 361, 380, and 392 nm, corresponding to 7F0→5H3, 7F0→5D4, 7F0→7F0, and 7F0→5L6 transitions, respectively. The PL spectrum under excitation of 392 nm exhibits that phosphors doped with Eu3+ a significant red emission at 611 nm, which is attributed to the 5D₀→7F₂ transition. This emission intensity is particularly enhanced at non-centrosymmetric sites of the Eu³⁺ ions. Similarly, the PL excitation spectrum of GdCOB:Tb3+, monitored at 552 nm, displays distinct excitation peaks at 316, 341, 353, and 379 nm, which correspond to the transitions 7F₆→5D₀, 7 F₆→5L₇, 7F₆→5D₂, and 7F₆→5D₃, respectively. Tb³⁺-doped phosphors display a bright green emission, with a dominant peak at 552 nm, resulting from the 5D₄→7F₅ transition. Additionally, the introduction of K⁺ ions as co-dopants results in modifications to the local environments of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions. These changes allow for fine-tuning of the emission peaks, significantly enhancing the luminescent output of the phosphors. Optimal doping concentrations of 5 mol% for Eu³⁺ and 1 mol% for Tb³⁺ enhance luminescent intensity and prevent concentration quenching. This phenomenon, often resulting in reduced PL intensity at higher dopant levels, is primarily due to dipole-dipole interactions, consistent with Dexter's theory of energy transfer. Strategic modulation of doping concentrations, coupled with a deep understanding of energy transfer mechanisms are critical for the development of advanced luminescent materials Our analysis of the Commission de l′Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates reveals enhanced energy transfer dynamics in rare-earth-doped borates, facilitating the tuning of luminescent properties. These results not only deepen our understanding of the fundamental physics governing such phosphors but also open pathways for the development of optoelectronic applications requiring consistent color output, such as LED technologies and solid-state lighting. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
dc.identifier.DOI-ID10.1016/j.sna.2024.115453
dc.identifier.issn09244247
dc.identifier.urihttp://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/11366
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.
dc.subjectCalcium compounds
dc.subjectEuropium compounds
dc.subjectExcited states
dc.subjectGadolinium
dc.subjectGadolinium compounds
dc.subjectIons
dc.subjectOptical properties
dc.subjectPhosphors
dc.subjectPhotoluminescence
dc.subjectQuenching
dc.subjectRare earths
dc.subjectRietveld refinement
dc.subjectTerbium
dc.subjectTerbium compounds
dc.subjectConcentration quenching
dc.subjectDoping concentration
dc.subjectEnergy-transfer
dc.subjectEu3+ and tb3+ doping
dc.subjectExcitation peaks
dc.subjectGdcum4O(BO3)3 phosphor
dc.subjectPhotoluminescence excitation spectrum
dc.subjectPhotoluminescence properties
dc.subjectRare earth doped
dc.subjectTb-doped
dc.subjectEnergy transfer
dc.titleIntegrating K+ into Eu and Tb doped GdCa4O(BO3)3: A dual study on photoluminescence and structure
dc.typeArticle

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