Immunomodulatory activities of alpha lipoic acid with a special focus on its efficacy in preventing miscarriage

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dc.contributor.authorMonastra G.
dc.contributor.authorDe Grazia S.
dc.contributor.authorCilaker Micili S.
dc.contributor.authorGoker A.
dc.contributor.authorUnfer V.
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-22T08:11:24Z
dc.date.available2024-07-22T08:11:24Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is an essential mitochondrial co-factor and, as a free molecule, it can exert multi-level immunomodulatory functions. Both ALA and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), are believed to be able to chelate heavy metals, to regenerate essential antioxidants and to repair important molecules damaged by oxidation. The largest part of the effects of ALA/DHLA couple can be explained by a specific stimulatory activity on Nrf2-dependent gene transcription and by the inhibition of NF-kB activity. These features have prompted its use as a drug for several diseases. Areas covered: This article surveys the main features of ALA/DHLA and its therapeutic effects. Its complex and differentiated function cannot simply be reduced to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and detoxifying action. We highlight its capability to finely modulate several physiological pathways when unbalanced. In particular, we focus our attention on pregnancy, in relation to ALA administration by oral route and by a new formulation for vaginal delivery, in patients with threatened miscarriage. Expert opinion: Future efforts should be devoted to explaining carefully ALA/DHLA mechanism of action to reactivate the physiological balance when modified during pregnancy. On the other hand, ALA safety in pregnant women and its pharmacokinetics by vaginal route, have to be studied in depth. Moreover, ALA efficacy has to be confirmed in a much larger sample of patients. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
dc.identifier.DOI-ID10.1080/17425247.2016.1200556
dc.identifier.issn17425247
dc.identifier.urihttp://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/15648
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.publisherTaylor and Francis Ltd
dc.subjectAbortion, Spontaneous
dc.subjectAnti-Inflammatory Agents
dc.subjectAntioxidants
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMitochondria
dc.subjectOxidation-Reduction
dc.subjectPregnancy
dc.subjectThioctic Acid
dc.subjectalpha smooth muscle actin
dc.subjectcyclooxygenase 2
dc.subjectgamma interferon
dc.subjectgelatinase B
dc.subjectimmunoglobulin enhancer binding protein
dc.subjectinducible nitric oxide synthase
dc.subjectintercellular adhesion molecule 1
dc.subjectinterleukin 10
dc.subjectinterleukin 17
dc.subjectinterleukin 1beta
dc.subjectinterleukin 6
dc.subjectinterleukin 8
dc.subjectprogesterone
dc.subjectprostaglandin E2
dc.subjectpyruvate dehydrogenase complex
dc.subjectscavenger
dc.subjectthioctic acid
dc.subjectthrombin
dc.subjecttranscription factor Nrf2
dc.subjecttumor necrosis factor
dc.subjectvascular cell adhesion molecule 1
dc.subjectvasculotropin
dc.subjectantiinflammatory agent
dc.subjectantioxidant
dc.subjectdihydrolipoate
dc.subjectthioctic acid
dc.subjectantioxidant activity
dc.subjectcytokine production
dc.subjectdrug absorption
dc.subjectdrug bioavailability
dc.subjectdrug efficacy
dc.subjectdrug metabolism
dc.subjectdrug safety
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjectfirst trimester pregnancy
dc.subjecthematoma
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjectimmunoglobulin production
dc.subjectimmunomodulation
dc.subjectnatural killer cell
dc.subjectpregnancy
dc.subjectregulatory T lymphocyte
dc.subjectReview
dc.subjectspontaneous abortion
dc.subjectTh1 cell
dc.subjectTh17 cell
dc.subjectTh2 cell
dc.subjectvagina bleeding
dc.subjectvaginal delivery
dc.subjectAbortion, Spontaneous
dc.subjectanalogs and derivatives
dc.subjectmetabolism
dc.subjectmitochondrion
dc.subjectoxidation reduction reaction
dc.titleImmunomodulatory activities of alpha lipoic acid with a special focus on its efficacy in preventing miscarriage
dc.typeReview

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