Introduction to bioenergy; current status, merits & demerits
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Date
2023
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Abstract
The effects of climate change depending on the rising the greenhouse gas level and utilization of nonrenewable fossil-derived fuels ensure to improve technologies of alternative energy sources such as wind, solar, hydraulic, and also biomass. As a renewable energy source, biomass has promising properties to sustain energy in the future. A wide range of biomass types with specific properties have the ability to produce biofuel, heat, and electricity in the process. For this, several conversion technologies have been developed as classified into thermal, biological, and chemical. Different types of bioenergy products like biochar, bioethanol, biodiesel, bio-oil, biohydrogen, and biogas and their conversion methodologies have merits and demerits in the production technologies. It is really important to raise awareness of society in terms of the usage of biofuel directly or mixed with fossil-derived fuels for sustainability. In this regard, biorefinery concept could enhance the variation and amounts of biofuels and also could decrease the formation of waste amount for rising sustainability. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.