Encapsulation of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil
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2022
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Abstract
Essential oils are aromatic compounds obtained from different parts of plants (flowers, seeds, and leaves). These natural products are used in many fields such as perfume and cosmetics production, aromatherapy, phytotherapy, alternative medicine production, and the food industry. They have bioactive substances which have strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. However, these compounds are affected by climate, soil, oil extraction methods, storage temperature, and other environmental factors. Therefore, encapsulation becomes a viable alternative for preserving essential oils during storage, transport, and processing. In addition, it preserves the flavor and extends the shelf life of essential oils by transforming them into water-soluble powders. The seeds of the Syzygium aromaticum plant known as “cloves” are used in many applications because of their aromatic properties as a precious source of eugenol and β-caryophyllene. The encapsulation process helps to preserve its valuable bioactive and aromatic compounds. In general, specific encapsulation techniques are being used, such as spray driers, lyophilization, and coacervation-emulsification methods for encapsulation of clove oil. Encapsulated clove oil generally showed notable in vitro antifungal effects and exhibited significant bioactivity on various foods, including meat products and citrus. This chapter reviews different encapsulation techniques applied to clove essential oil and the wall materials used in encapsulation processes and their effects on microcapsules efficiency and physicochemical properties. In addition, the areas of the use of powder form of clove essential oil are mentioned. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.