Clinical improvement in indirect carotid cavernous fistulas treated endovascularly: A patient based review

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dc.contributor.authorKısabay Ak A.
dc.contributor.authorÇınar C.
dc.contributor.authorDoğan G.N.
dc.contributor.authorAtaç C.
dc.contributor.authorGökçay F.
dc.contributor.authorÇelebisoy N.
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-22T08:05:44Z
dc.date.available2024-07-22T08:05:44Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractPatients with indirect carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF) were reviewed to emphasize the importance of diagnosing patients even with trivial findings and to raise awareness. Eighteen patients diagnosed as CCF were included. Neuro-ophthalmological findings before and after treatment, diagnostic investigations, treatment, clinical course was noted. Twelve patients were female (67%), 6 were males (33%) and the mean age at presentation was 54 years (range: 29–70 years). Conjunctival hyperemia was present in all patients. Seventeen (94%) patients had proptosis and diplopia, nine (50%) had orbital pain and/or headache, four (22%) had blurred vision, one (5.5%) had ptosis. On examination, 17 patients (94%) had restricted eye movements, four (22%) had low visual acuity and five patients had (28%) increased intraocular pressure (IOP). One patient had been diagnosed as myasthenia gravis and two as thyroid orbitopathy and had been on treatment accordingly before CCF was diagnosed. In two patients, bilateral findings were present despite unilateral CCF on angiography. Barrow Type B fistula was found in 7 (38%), Barrow Type D in 11 (62%) patients. In three bilateral CCF was detected. All were treated by endovascular intervention. Residual deficits at the sixth month control were, eye movement deficits in seven (39%), decrease in visual acuity in one (5.5%) and elevated IOP in one (5.5%) patient. Indirect CCF patients generally present with mild symptoms and the diagnosis may be overlooked. Mild progressive ophthalmoparesis with conjunctival hyperemia must be warning. Though rare bilateral CCF can be detected as well as unilateral CCF with bilateral findings. © 2021
dc.identifier.DOI-ID10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106750
dc.identifier.issn03038467
dc.identifier.urihttp://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/13245
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.
dc.subjectAdult
dc.subjectAged
dc.subjectCarotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula
dc.subjectEndovascular Procedures
dc.subjectExophthalmos
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectMiddle Aged
dc.subjectVision Disorders
dc.subjectcontrast medium
dc.subjectethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer
dc.subjectadult
dc.subjectaged
dc.subjectArticle
dc.subjectartificial embolization
dc.subjectblurred vision
dc.subjectbrain angiography
dc.subjectcarotid cavernous fistula
dc.subjectclinical article
dc.subjectclinical feature
dc.subjectcomputed tomographic angiography
dc.subjectconjunctival hyperemia
dc.subjectcontrast enhancement
dc.subjectcontrolled study
dc.subjectdigital subtraction angiography
dc.subjectdiplopia
dc.subjectdisease course
dc.subjectendocrine ophthalmopathy
dc.subjectendovascular surgery
dc.subjectexophthalmos
dc.subjecteye examination
dc.subjecteye movement
dc.subjecteye movement disorder
dc.subjecteye pain
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjectheadache
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjectintraocular pressure
dc.subjectmale
dc.subjectmyasthenia gravis
dc.subjectneurologic examination
dc.subjectnuclear magnetic resonance imaging
dc.subjectophthalmoplegia
dc.subjectptosis (eyelid)
dc.subjectretrospective study
dc.subjectvisual acuity
dc.subjectcarotid cavernous fistula
dc.subjectcomplication
dc.subjectendovascular surgery
dc.subjectexophthalmos
dc.subjectmiddle aged
dc.subjectprocedures
dc.subjectvisual disorder
dc.titleClinical improvement in indirect carotid cavernous fistulas treated endovascularly: A patient based review
dc.typeArticle

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