The effect of background audio and audiovisual stimuli on students' autonomic responses during and after an experimental academic examination

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dc.contributor.authorBalıkçı İ.
dc.contributor.authorTok S.
dc.contributor.authorBinboğa E.
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-22T08:02:26Z
dc.date.available2024-07-22T08:02:26Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractBackground: Due to the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown during the online-distant education period, certain students tended to combine their courses and homework with TV or social media news or other media content, such as classical music, including a wealth of audio and audiovisual stimuli. As the audio and audiovisual stimuli existing in a learning environment may affect students' autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses negatively, the present study aimed to monitor the impact of background TV, classical music, and silence on students' ANS activity represented by heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood volume amplitude (BVA), and skin conductance level (SCL) during and after an experimental academic examination. Method: Seventy-six students were randomly allocated to background TV, classical music, or silence groups. The experiment with repeated measures design consisted of four consecutive periods: baseline, anticipation, challenge, and recovery, lasting 4 min each. Results: Within-subject analyses indicated significant HRV decrement only in the background TV group. Regardless of the experimental groups, HR and SCL increased while BVA decreased during the task. In addition, the between-subject analysis showed that the background TV group experienced significantly larger changes in HR and HRV parameters compared to the other experimental groups relative to their respective baseline measurements. Conclusions: Based on these results, we concluded that relative to classical music and silence, background TV, including audiovisual and verbal stimuli, extant in a learning environment might raise students' sympathetic activity. Further, classical music, without lyrics, may suppress the withdrawal of vagal activity and elevate the autonomic regulation capacity during the academic reading comprehension task. HRV is a more valid and reliable indicator of students' autonomic responses during a challenging academic task. © 2023 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
dc.identifier.DOI-ID10.1002/brb3.3153
dc.identifier.issn21623279
dc.identifier.urihttp://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/11861
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.publisherJohn Wiley and Sons Ltd
dc.rightsAll Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
dc.subjectAutonomic Nervous System
dc.subjectCommunicable Disease Control
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectHeart Rate
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMusic
dc.subjectPandemics
dc.subjectStudents
dc.subjectadult
dc.subjectanalysis of variance
dc.subjectanticipation
dc.subjectArticle
dc.subjectaudiovisual aid
dc.subjectautonomic nervous system
dc.subjectblood flow
dc.subjectblood volume
dc.subjectcardiovascular system
dc.subjectcontrolled study
dc.subjectelectrocardiogram
dc.subjectexamination
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjectfollow up
dc.subjectheart rate
dc.subjectheart rate variability
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjecthuman experiment
dc.subjectmajor clinical study
dc.subjectphotoelectric plethysmography
dc.subjectskin conductance
dc.subjectvagus nerve stimulation
dc.subjectcommunicable disease control
dc.subjectcoronavirus disease 2019
dc.subjectmusic
dc.subjectpandemic
dc.subjectphysiology
dc.subjectrandomized controlled trial
dc.subjectstudent
dc.titleThe effect of background audio and audiovisual stimuli on students' autonomic responses during and after an experimental academic examination
dc.typeArticle

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