The effect of COVID-19 vaccinations on menstrual cycle and serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels in reproductive age women
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Date
2023
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Abstract
The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations on menstrual cycle and ovarian reserve in reproductive aged-women. Health care providers (n = 258) vaccinated with inactivated (CoronaVac) and mRNA based (Pfizer-BioNTech®) COVID-19 vaccines were included. All subjects completed a gynaecological and menstrual history questionnaire and Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels were measured in serum samples collected before first vaccination and at 1st, 3rd, 6th and 9th months. The prevalence of new-onset menstrual dysregulation following vaccination was 20.6% and it was statistically significant compared to baseline (p = 0.001). Menstrual pattern turned back to normal in 59.6% of vaccinated women. Serum AMH levels gradually decreased until 6th month of follow-up compared to baseline (p < 0.001). A significant increase in serum AMH level was observed at 9th month of follow-up compared to 6th month follow-up levels (p < 0.001). The decrease in serum AMH level was statistically significant regardless of serum anti SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, subgroups of age, occupation, menstrual dysregulation following vaccination and presence of gynaecological diseases. In conclusion, vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 causes a transient decrease on serum AMH levels and moderate irregularities in menstrual pattern increasing with age and is mostly reversible. © 2023 The British Fertility Society.
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Adult , Anti-Mullerian Hormone , COVID-19 , COVID-19 Vaccines , Female , Humans , Menstrual Cycle , Prospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , coronavac , messenger RNA , Muellerian inhibiting factor , SARS-CoV-2 antibody , tozinameran , coronavac , SARS-CoV-2 vaccine , adult , Article , cohort analysis , controlled study , coronavirus disease 2019 , endometriosis , female , gene expression , gynecologic disease , health care personnel , human , human tissue , infertility , leiomyoma , major clinical study , menstrual cycle , menstrual irregularity , nonhuman , ovarian reserve , ovariectomy , ovary polycystic disease , polyp , prospective study , protein blood level , questionnaire , Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 , uterine cervix dysplasia , vaccination , coronavirus disease 2019 , menstrual cycle