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Browsing by Author "Aavik T."

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    Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries
    (Elsevier Inc., 2022) Kowal M.; Sorokowski P.; Pisanski K.; Valentova J.V.; Varella M.A.C.; Frederick D.A.; Al-Shawaf L.; García F.E.; Giammusso I.; Gjoneska B.; Kozma L.; Otterbring T.; Papadatou-Pastou M.; Pfuhl G.; Stöckli S.; Studzinska A.; Toplu-Demirtaş E.; Touloumakos A.K.; Bakos B.E.; Batres C.; Bonneterre S.; Czamanski-Cohen J.; Dacanay J.C.; Deschrijver E.; Fisher M.L.; Grano C.; Grigoryev D.; Kačmár P.; Kozlov M.V.; Manunta E.; Massar K.; McFall J.P.; Mebarak M.; Miccoli M.R.; Milfont T.L.; Prokop P.; Aavik T.; Arriaga P.; Baiocco R.; Čeněk J.; Çetinkaya H.; Duyar I.; Guemaz F.; Ishii T.; Kamburidis J.A.; Khun-Inkeeree H.; Lidborg L.H.; Manor H.; Nussinson R.; Omar-Fauzee M.S.B.; Pazhoohi F.; Ponnet K.; Santos A.C.; Senyk O.; Spasovski O.; Vintila M.; Wang A.H.; Yoo G.; Zerhouni O.; Amin R.; Aquino S.; Boğa M.; Boussena M.; Can A.R.; Can S.; Castro R.; Chirumbolo A.; Çoker O.; Cornec C.; Dural S.; Eder S.J.; Moharrampour N.G.; Grassini S.; Hristova E.; Ikizer G.; Kervyn N.; Koyuncu M.; Kunisato Y.; Lins S.; Mandzyk T.; Mari S.; Mattiassi A.D.A.; Memisoglu-Sanli A.; Morelli M.; Novaes F.C.; Parise M.; Banai I.P.; Perun M.; Plohl N.; Sahli F.Z.; Šakan D.; Smojver-Azic S.; Solak Ç.; Söylemez S.; Toyama A.; Wlodarczyk A.; Yamada Y.; Abad-Villaverde B.; Afhami R.; Akello G.; Alami N.H.; Alma L.; Argyrides M.; Atamtürk D.; Burduli N.; Cardona S.; Carneiro J.; Castañeda A.; Chałatkiewicz I.; Chopik W.J.; Chubinidze D.; Conroy-Beam D.; Contreras-Garduño J.; da Silva D.R.; Don Y.B.; Donato S.; Dubrov D.; Duračková M.; Dutt S.; Ebimgbo S.O.; Estevan I.; Etchezahar E.; Fedor P.; Fekih-Romdhane F.; Frackowiak T.; Galasinska K.; Gargula Ł.; Gelbart B.; Yepes T.G.; Hamdaoui B.; Hromatko I.; Itibi S.N.; Jaforte L.; Janssen S.M.J.; Jovic M.; Kertechian K.S.; Khan F.; Kobylarek A.; Koso-Drljevic M.; Krasnodębska A.; Križanić V.; Landa-Blanco M.; Mailhos A.; Marot T.; Dorcic T.M.; Martinez-Banfi M.; Yusof M.R.; Mayorga-Lascano M.; Mikuličiūtė V.; Mišetić K.; Musil B.; Najmussaqib A.; Muthu K.N.; Natividade J.C.; Ndukaihe I.L.G.; Nyhus E.K.; Oberzaucher E.; Omar S.S.; Ostaszewski F.; Pacquing M.C.T.; Pagani A.F.; Park J.H.; Pirtskhalava E.; Reips U.-D.; Reyes M.E.S.; Röer J.P.; Şahin A.; Samekin A.; Sargautytė R.; Semenovskikh T.; Siepelmeyer H.; Singh S.; Sołtys A.; Sorokowska A.; Soto-López R.; Sultanova L.; Tamayo-Agudelo W.; Tan C.-S.; Topanova G.T.; Bulut M.T.; Trémolière B.; Tulyakul S.; Türkan B.N.; Urbanek A.; Volkodav T.; Walter K.V.; Yaakob M.F.M.; Zumárraga-Espinosa M.
    People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives. © 2022 The Authors
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    Exploring Attitudes Toward “Sugar Relationships” Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship
    (Springer, 2024) Meskó N.; Kowal M.; Láng A.; Kocsor F.; Bandi S.A.; Putz A.; Sorokowski P.; Frederick D.A.; García F.E.; Aguilar L.A.; Studzinska A.; Tan C.-S.; Gjoneska B.; Milfont T.L.; Topcu Bulut M.; Grigoryev D.; Aavik T.; Boussena M.; Mattiassi A.D.A.; Afhami R.; Amin R.; Baiocco R.; Brahim H.; Can A.R.; Carneiro J.; Çetinkaya H.; Chubinidze D.; Deschrijver E.; Don Y.; Dubrov D.; Duyar I.; Jovic M.; Kamburidis J.A.; Khan F.; Khun-Inkeeree H.; Koso-Drljevic M.; Lacko D.; Massar K.; Morelli M.; Natividade J.C.; Nyhus E.K.; Park J.H.; Pazhoohi F.; Pirtskhalava E.; Ponnet K.; Prokop P.; Šakan D.; Tulyakul S.; Wang A.H.; Aquino S.D.; Atamtürk D.D.; Burduli N.; Chirumbolo A.; Dural S.; Etchezahar E.; Ghahraman Moharrampour N.; Aczel B.; Kozma L.; Lins S.; Manunta E.; Marot T.; Mebarak M.; Miroshnik K.G.; Misetic K.; Papadatou-Pastou M.; Bakos B.; Sahli F.Z.; Singh S.; Solak Ç.; Volkodav T.; Wlodarczyk A.; Akello G.; Argyrides M.; Çoker O.; Galasinska K.; Gómez Yepes T.; Kobylarek A.; Landa-Blanco M.; Mayorga M.; Özener B.; Pacquing M.C.T.; Reyes M.E.S.; Şahin A.; Tamayo-Agudelo W.; Topanova G.; Toplu-Demirtaş E.; Türkan B.N.; Zumárraga-Espinosa M.; Grassini S.; Antfolk J.; Cornec C.; Pisanski K.; Stöckli S.; Eder S.J.; Han H.
    The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia. © The Author(s) 2023.
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    Erratum: Correction to: Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) Across 37 Languages (Archives of sexual behavior (2024) 53 2 (839-857))
    (2024) Kowal M.; Sorokowski P.; Dinić B.M.; Pisanski K.; Gjoneska B.; Frederick D.A.; Pfuhl G.; Milfont T.L.; Bode A.; Aguilar L.; García F.E.; Roberts S.C.; Abad-Villaverde B.; Kavčič T.; Miroshnik K.G.; Ndukaihe I.L.G.; Šafárová K.; Valentova J.V.; Aavik T.; Blackburn A.M.; Çetinkaya H.; Duyar I.; Guemaz F.; Ishii T.; Kačmár P.; Natividade J.C.; Nussinson R.; Omar-Fauzee M.S.B.; Pacquing M.C.T.; Ponnet K.; Wang A.H.; Yoo G.; Amin R.; Pirtskhalava E.; Afhami R.; Arvanitis A.; Duyar D.A.; Besson T.; Boussena M.; Can S.; Can A.R.; Carneiro J.; Castro R.; Chubinidze D.; Čunichina K.; Don Y.; Dural S.; Etchezahar E.; Fekih-Romdhane F.; Frackowiak T.; Moharrampour N.G.; Yepes T.G.; Grassini S.; Jovic M.; Kertechian K.S.; Khan F.; Kobylarek A.; Križanić V.; Lins S.; Mandzyk T.; Manunta E.; Martinac Dorčić T.; Muthu K.N.; Najmussaqib A.; Otterbring T.; Park J.H.; Pavela Banai I.; Perun M.; Reyes M.E.S.; Röer J.P.; Şahin A.; Sahli F.Z.; Šakan D.; Singh S.; Smojver-Azic S.; Söylemez S.; Spasovski O.; Studzinska A.; Toplu-Demirtas E.; Urbanek A.; Volkodav T.; Wlodarczyk A.; Yaakob M.F.M.Y.; Yusof M.R.; Zumárraga-Espinosa M.; Zupančič M.; Sternberg R.J.
    [No abstract available]
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    Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages
    (Springer, 2024) Kowal M.; Sorokowski P.; Dinić B.M.; Pisanski K.; Gjoneska B.; Frederick D.A.; Pfuhl G.; Milfont T.L.; Bode A.; Aguilar L.; García F.E.; Roberts S.C.; Abad-Villaverde B.; Kavčič T.; Miroshnik K.G.; Ndukaihe I.L.G.; Šafárová K.; Valentova J.V.; Aavik T.; Blackburn A.M.; Çetinkaya H.; Duyar I.; Guemaz F.; Ishii T.; Kačmár P.; Natividade J.C.; Nussinson R.; Omar-Fauzee M.S.B.; Pacquing M.C.T.; Ponnet K.; Wang A.H.; Yoo G.; Amin R.; Pirtskhalava E.; Afhami R.; Arvanitis A.; Duyar D.A.; Besson T.; Boussena M.; Can S.; Can A.R.; Carneiro J.; Castro R.; Chubinidze D.; Čunichina K.; Don Y.; Dural S.; Etchezahar E.; Fekih-Romdhane F.; Frackowiak T.; Moharrampour N.G.; Yepes T.G.; Grassini S.; Jovic M.; Kertechian K.S.; Khan F.; Kobylarek A.; Križanić V.; Lins S.; Mandzyk T.; Manunta E.; Martinac Dorčić T.; Muthu K.N.; Najmussaqib A.; Otterbring T.; Park J.H.; Pavela Banai I.; Perun M.; Reyes M.E.S.; Röer J.P.; Şahin A.; Sahli F.Z.; Šakan D.; Singh S.; Smojver-Azic S.; Söylemez S.; Spasovski O.; Studzinska A.; Toplu-Demirtas E.; Urbanek A.; Volkodav T.; Wlodarczyk A.; Yaakob M.F.M.Y.; Yusof M.R.; Zumárraga-Espinosa M.; Zupančič M.; Sternberg R.J.
    Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg’s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale—the TLS-15—comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test–retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components—either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure. © The Author(s) 2023. corrected publication 2023.
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    A preliminary study on the role of personal history of infectious and parasitic diseases on self-reported health across countries
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025) Pfuhl G.; Prazeres F.; Kowal M.; Aavik T.; Abad-Villaverde B.; Afhami R.; Aguilar L.; Akello G.; Al-Shawaf L.; Antfolk J.; Atama C.S.; Duyar D.A.; Baiocco R.; Balım S.; Batres C.; Belkacem Y.; Besson T.; Bode A.; Boğa M.; Boudesseul J.; Boussena M.; Brahim H.; Burduli N.; Can A.R.; Cetinkaya H.; Chirumbolo A.; Chubinidze D.; Cornec C.; Dinić B.M.; Dural S.; Duyar I.; Ebimgbo S.O.; Etchezahar E.; Fedor P.; Frackowiak T.; Frederick D.A.; Galasinska K.; García F.E.; Yepes T.G.; Grigoryev D.; Guemaz F.; Hromatko I.; Ikizer G.; Janssen S.M.J.; Kamburidis J.A.; Kavčič T.; Kervyn N.; Khan F.; Kobylarek A.; Koyuncu M.; Kunisato Y.; Lacko D.; Landa-Blanco M.; Lidborg L.H.; Lins S.; Mandzyk T.; Mari S.; Marot T.A.; Martinez-Banfi M.; Mattiassi A.D.A.; Mayorga-Lascano M.; Mebarak M.; Meskó N.; Miccoli M.R.; Mikuličiūtė V.; Milfont T.L.; Mišetić K.; Morelli M.; Natividade J.C.; Ndukaihe I.L.G.; Novaes F.; Omar S.S.; Fauzee M.S.O.; Otterbring T.; Özener B.; Ozer S.; Park J.H.; Banai I.P.; Pazhoohi F.; Perun M.; Pírko M.; Pirtskhalava E.; Pisanski K.; Plohl N.; Ponnet K.; Prokop P.; Ribeiro M.F.F.; Rosário F.; Şahin A.; Sahli F.Z.; Šakan D.; Senyk O.; Siepelmeyer H.; Ribeiro da Silva D.; Singh S.; Solak Ç.; Söylemez S.; Studzinska A.; Tan C.-S.; Topanova G.T.; Bulut M.T.; Toplu-Demirtaş E.; Trémolière B.; Tulyakul S.; Ungaretti J.; Valentova J.V.; Varella M.A.C.; Vintila M.; Volkodav T.; Wlodarczyk A.; Yeh Y.-Y.; Yoo G.; Zerhouni O.; Zumárraga-Espinosa M.; Zupančič M.; Sorokowski P.
    Objectives: Infectious diseases are often associated with decline in quality of life. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between personal history of communicable, i.e., infectious and parasitic diseases and self-rated health. Study design: Secondary analysis of a large dataset multi-country observational study. Methods: We used a four-pronged analysis approach to investigate whether personal history of infectious and parasitic diseases is related to self-reported health, measured with a single item. Results: Three of the four analyses found a small positive effect on self-reported health among those reporting a history of pathogen exposure. The meta-analysis found no support but large heterogeneity that was not reduced by two classifications of countries. Conclusion: Personal history of infectious and parasitic diseases does not reduce self-reported health across a global sample. © 2025 The Authors