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The effects of propofol and thiopentone on natural cytotoxic cell activity; [Tiyopenton ve propofol'un naturel killer hucre aktivitesine etkileri]
(1998) Luleci N.; Erincler T.; Tekin I.; Sengil A.Z.; Tutan A.
The effects of thiopentone and propofol on Natural Killer cell activity were studied by the use of candidial colony inhibition method in venous blood samples from healthy volunteers. Following three hours of incubation mean CFU (colony forming unit) was 72.1 in control group while it was 66.3 and 64.1 CFU in samples containing 15 and 150 μL/mL of thiopentone respectively; and 67 and 63.8 in samples containing 5 and 50 μL/mL of propofol respectively. With small doses of propofol and thiopentone colony inhibition was 7% and 8% respectively while high doses leaded higher inhibitions of 11.5% and 11% respectively. It was concluded that a significant increase in anticandidal activity of natural cytotoxic cells is observed with high concentrations of thiopentone and propofol (p<0.01). However, the increase of this activity is not significant in anaesthetic concentrations used in clinical practice.
The proximate composition and some minor constituents of poppy seeds
(1994) Nergiz C.; Ötles S.
The proximate chemical composition of poppy seeds, along with minerals and water‐soluble vitamins content was investigated. The compositions of the fatty acids and tocopherols of the extracted oil were also determined. The proximate analysis of poppy seeds showed the following composition: (440 g kg−1), protein (211 g kg−1), moisture (50 g kg−1), ash (63 g kg−1), crude fine (62 g kg−1) and total carbohydrates (236 g kg−1). Potassium and calcium were the predominant elements in the poppy seeds. Linoleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid (750 g kg−1 total fatty acids) while palmitic acid was the main saturated one (86‐4 g kg−1). The amounts of α‐, β‐ and δ‐tocopherols found in poppy seed oil were 220 μg g−1, 40 μg g−1 and 20 μg g−1 respectively. Among the water‐soluble vitamins determined, pantothenic acid was found at the highest level followed by niacin and thiamin. Copyright © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A new experimental in vitro culture medium for cultivation of Leishmania species
(American Society for Microbiology, 1997) Limoncu M.E.; Balcioglu I.C.; Yereli K.; Ozbel Y.; Ozbilgin A.
A new liquid culture medium prepared with chemicals that can be obtained economically and commercially was tested in in vitro cultivation of Leishmania promastigotes to obtain a large number of organisms to use in serological studies. The number of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica promastigotes taken from Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) medium reached 1 x 107/ml at the end of the 8th day in our new medium, though in NNN medium the number of organisms reached only 5 x 106/ml. After 10 subsequent passages, the culture medium prepared was evaluated as being quite inexpensive, simple, and successful compared with other commercially available liquid culture media.
Computer-aided design of submarine pipelines
(1995) Gökkus Ü.
The computerization of pipeline design is relatively important for the engineering feasibility of submarine pipelines. The changing environmental conditions make difficulties for the stability calculation of each pipe segment on line. For this reason, the computer study will provide many advantages during the design of pipeline. The different environmental and functional parameters can be easily tried on line and the most suitable size of structure against the extreme environmental conditions can be determined. This study deals with the general design principles especially including the engineering studies, i.e. wave statistical analysis, transformation of waves, stability analysis, and developed computer program to achieve both the stabilization of pipeline and aid for drawing the route together with user in some stages of the design. Finally, the outline of the program is briefly described and a flow chart is presented. © 1995, International Association on Water Quality. All rights reserved.
Increased serum copper and decreased serum zinc levels in children with iron deficiency anemia
(Humana Press Inc., 1997) Ece A.; Uyanik B.S.; Işcan A.; Ertan P.; Yiǧitoǧlu M.R.
In order to evaluate serum copper and zinc status in children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), 60 children with IDA aged 1-14 yr and 64 healthy children as controls aged 1-14 yr were included the study. Serum copper levels were higher in children with IDA (189 ± 49 μg/dL) than those of controls (163 ± 37 μg/dL) (p = 0.001). Serum zinc levels were lower in the patient group (109 ± 59 μg/dL) than those of control subjects (135 ± 56 μg/dL) (p = 0.017). In addition, there were statistically significant negative correlations between hematological parameters and serum copper levels in the patient group, but not in controls. No correlation between hematological parameters and serum zinc levels were found in both patient and control groups, except positive correlation between mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and serum zinc level in patients. It was concluded that at the time of managing children with IDA, zinc deficiency must be borne in mind and if necessary treatment should be initiated with zinc.
Stability analysis of an axially accelerating string
(Academic Press, 1997) Pakdemirli M.; Ulsoy A.G.
The dynamic response of an axially accelerating string is investigated. The time dependent velocity is assumed to vary harmonically about a constant mean velocity. Approximate analytical solutions are sought using two different approaches. In the first approach, the equations are discretized first and then the method of multiple scales is applied to the resulting equations. In the second approach, the method of multiple scales is applied directly to the partial differential system. Principal parametric resonances and combination resonances are investigated in detail. Stability boundaries are determined analytically. It is found that instabilities occur when the frequency of velocity fluctuations is close to two times the natural frequency of the constant velocity system or when the frequency is close to the sum of any two natural frequencies. When the velocity variation frequency is close to zero or to the difference of two natural frequencies, however, no instabilities are detected up to the first order of perturbation. Numerical results are presented for a band-saw and a threadline problem.
Symmetry groups of boundary layer equations of a class of non-newtonian fluids
(Elsevier Ltd, 1996) Pakdemirli M.; Yürüsoy M.; Kücükbursa A.
A non-Newtonian fluid model in which the stress is an arbitrary function of the symmetric part of the velocity gradient is considered. Symmetry groups of the two-dimensional boundary layer equations of the model are found by using exterior calculus. The complete isovector field corresponding to some cases, such as arbitrary shear function, Newtonian fluids, and power-law fluids, are found. Similarly, solutions for some special transformations are presented. Results obtained in a previous paper [M. Pakdemirli, Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. 29, 187 (1994)] using special groups of transformations (scaling, spiral) are verified in this study using a general approach. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Artificial neural network case study: The control of work-in-process inventory in a manufacturing line
(IEEE, 1997) Col Muhterem; Karlik Bekir
The work-in-process in a middle-scale shoe factory is investigated. At the manufacturing center, there are five work departments composed of cutting, sewing, hand-leather working, assembling and quality control-packing. In these departments, there are work-in-process because of different processing time and insufficient number of labor-machines. Artificial neural network (ANN) with backpropagation is used for solving this work-in-process problem. The optimum number of labor-machines at work stations are obtained for work-in-process without hindering the production by considering processing times and flow at these work stations.
The effect of zinc supplementation in experimentally induced Toxoplasma gondii infection.
(1995) Tasçi S.; Sengil A.Z.; Altindis M.; Arisoy K.
The effect of zinc added diet on cellular immunity in toxoplasmosis was investigated on 50 male wistar albino rats. Total lymphocyte CB8 count were found higher in the infected group when compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The relative increase of CD8 was found to be responsible for the decrease in ratio. In the infected group, there was a slight decrease in CD4 count but it was statistically insignificant. While no significant differences in serum zinc level were observed between the groups, there was a positive correlation with CD8 count in infected group (r = 0.005, P < 0.05). As a result, zinc added diet in toxoplasmosis stimulated the cellular immunity, increased CD8 and total lymphocytes.
The electrocardiogram of the Pekin duck
(American Association of Avian Pathologists, 1996) Cinar A.; Bagci C.; Belge F.; Uzun M.
In this study, standard limb lead electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded in 50 Pekin ducks. The ECG exhibited P, R, S, and T waves. A Q wave was observed in 30% of leads aVR aVL. All waves in lead I were of very low amplitude or almost isoelectric. The P wave was 20% negative, 80% positive in lead aVR and always positive in other leads. The duration and amplitude of P wave were 0.025 sec and 0.17 mV, respectively, and the P-R interval was 0.06 sec in lead II. A Q wave was observed in 30% of leads aVR and aVL but was invisible in other leads. The duration of QRS complex was 0.036 sec and its amplitude was 0.069 mV. The S wave (rS) was greater than the R wave in leads III and aVF. The R and S waves were equal in lead III (66%). The mean duration and amplitude oft wave were 0.05 sec and 0.22 mV, respectively. The T wave was negative in leads aVR and aVL and positive in other leads. The Q- T interval was 0.10 sec. The mean heart rate was 281.3 (220-375) beats/min. The average value of the mean electrical axis was +147°(+95°to -160°).
Anatomical guidelines for intranasal surgery of the lacrimal drainage system
(1997) Ünlü H.H.; Gövsa F.; Mutlu C.; Yücetürk A.V.; Şenyilmaz Y.
To facilitate identification of the nasolacrimal duct during intranasal surgery, we have determined the distances between the lacrimal drainage system and certain anatomical structures on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. A total of 15 adult cadaver skulls were bisected mid-sagittally and evaluated morphometrically. In our specimens, the average distance from the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus to the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) was only 5.5 min. This rather small distance should be taken into consideration, in order to prevent trauma of the NLD during surgical enlargement of the ostium of the maxillary sinus. The distances from NLD to the anterior surface of the bulla ethmoidalis, the free edge of the uncinate process and the attachment point of the middle turbinate on the lateral nasal wall were found to be 10.2 mm, 8.8 mm and 5.4 mm, respectively. Taking these distances into account, easy identification of the NLD during endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy surgery will be possible.
The status of caucasian black grouse (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi (tackanowski)) in Turkey and an observation in Sivrikaya (rize - İkizdere); [Daǧ horozu (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi (tackanowski))'nun türkiye'deki yayilişi ve sivrikaya'da (rize-i̇kizdere) bir gözlem]
(TUBITAK, 1997) Oǧurlu I.
Regular data for observations on Caucasian Black Grouse is highly recent. This study was aimed at providing general information on the range and observing a certain population on a conspicuous point, Sivrikaya for a 10 day-period durinq its lekking time. Black grouse preferred habitats of meadows (45 %), areas of mixed grass and snow (22.5 %), scrubs (20 %), stony-rocky patches (10 %) and forest edges (2.5 %) on late May-early June in the lekking period, females were in groups while relatively easy to see males were solitary. Total maximum numbers were 59 males and 21 females.
Evaluation of non-invasive clinical samples in chronic Chlamydial prostatitis by using In situ hybridization
(Informa Healthcare, 1997) Gümüş B.; Sengil A.Z.; Solak M.; Fistik T.; Alibey E.; Çakmak E.A.; Yeter M.
Seventy-eight non-invasive prostate specimens collected from patients with chronic non-bacterial prostatitis were evaluated by in situ hybridization (IH) for evidence of Chlamydia trachomatis. Intracellular Chlamydia bodies were detected in 18 of 78 cases (20.6%). Homogeneous blue- black bodies in the cellular cytoplasm were accepted as in situ positive. Chlamydial antigen detected by enzyme immuno assay (EIA) was positive in 12 cases (13.7%), but only nine of them were positive by IH. Our study confirms previous reports implicating C. trachomatis as an aetiological agent in chronic non-bacterial prostatitis, and underscores the applicability of DNA probes for detection and identification of C. trachomatis in prostatic materials.
Diastolic spectrum of left-ventricular hypertrophy: The impact of etiology and coronary artery disease on doppler transmitral velocity
(1996) Tavli T.; Ammar A.; Wong M.
Diastolic filling of hypertrophied left ventricles has frequently been observed by Doppler methods. We hypothesized that filling characteristics in hypertrophy vary with etiology and concurrent ischemia. For patients with hypertrophy, the left-ventricular ejection fraction was > 0.47 ± 0.16, end-diastolic pressure was > 15 ± 2 mm Hg, end-diastolic volume index was < 96 ± 12 ml/m2 and left-ventricular mass index was 127 ± 7 g/m2. Peak E (early) and peak A (late) diastolic velocities and E-wave deceleration time, respectively, were as follows (significant unless otherwise indicated): normal subjects (NS), 79 ± 9 and 82 ± 19cm/s, and 151 ± 7 ms; cardiomyopathic hypertrophy, 63 ± 16, 83 ± 15 (NS) and 193 ± 63, aortic stenosis without coronary disease, 110 ± 10, 128 ± 12 and 158 ± 22 (NS); aortic stenosis with coronary disease, 57 ± 12, 86 ± 26 (NS) and 187 ± 39; hypertension without coronary disease, 107 ± 9, 128 ± 9 and 143 ± 22 (NS); hypertension with coronary disease, 58 ± 12, 84 ± 26 (NS) and 189 ± 29. Conclusions: Hypertrophied left ventricles filled with two diastolic Doppler patterns: a relaxation abnormality with low peak E and delayed deceleration in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and a compliance abnormality with tall peak E and normal deceleration in pressure overload hypertrophy. When coronary artery disease occurred with pressure overload hypertrophy, impaired relaxation was the dominant pattern. Therefore, in addition to the known physiologic influences on diastolic filling, the etiology and presence of coronary artery disease modulate the configuration of transmitral velocities into hypertrophied ventricles. © 1995 S. Karger AG, Basel.
The effect of FAD on erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity in undialyzed uremic patients and healthy subjects
(1997) Ari Z.; Uyanik B.S.; Yigitoglu M.R.; Kutlu N.; Pirim I.
The erythrocyte glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) activity with and without FAD supplementation (Act. A and Act. B, respectively) was studied in 24 undialyzed uremic patients and 25 healthy subjects. Mean erythrocyte GSSG-R activity from normal subjects was 5.39 ± 1.43 U/g Hb (the active form). After the addition of FAD to the hemolysates, this increased to 7.79 ± 1.07 U/g Hb, an increase of 1.88 ± 0.84 U/g Hb (the inactive from) (p < 0.001). In patients with FAD supplementation, erythrocyte GSSG-R activity increased from 9.26 ± 1.19 U/g Hb to 10.06 ± 1.06 U/g Hb, an increase of 0.80 ± 0.76 U/g Hb (p < 0.01). In addition, there were significant positive correlations between the enzyme activities and plasma urea level, and negative correlations between the enzyme activities and hemoglobin concentrations in patients, but not in the controls. It was concluded that further cross-sectional in vivo studies should be made to determine whether riboflavin administration may or not be useful in preventing renal anemia.
The variational anatomy of the external aperture of the human vestibular aqueduct
(Springer-Verlag France, 1997) Mutlu C.; Govsa F.; Unlu H.H.; Senyilmaz Y.
A study was undertaken to demonstrate the variational anatomy of the external aperture of the vestibular aqueduct in 90 human temporal bones obtained from 58 cadavers. Topographic landmarks of the posterior surface of the petrous bone are useful for general orientation and include the external aperture of the vestibular aqueduct, internal auditory meatus, sigmoid sinus, subarcuate fossa, superior petrosal sinus and cochlear canaliculus. We determined the mean distances from the external aperture of vestibular aqueduct to the above structures to be 10.98, 11.21, 9.42, 10.27 and 13.90 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the length of the external aperture of the vestibular aqueduct revealed significant differences between the right and left sides. The distances between the EAVA and certain anatomical structures on the posterior surface of the temporal bone should be taken into consideration during surgery. Knowing the variability of the position of the external aperture of the vestibular aqueduct may help surgeons avoid traumatizing, and thus producing inadvertent lesions to the hearing mechanism.
Diabetic nephropathy and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition; [Diabetik nefropati ve anjiotensin donusturucu enzim inhibisyonu]
(1998) Saruc M.; Kursat S.; Kiliccioglu B.
Diabetic nephropathy is the single most common cause of renal failure leading to end stage renal disease. The cost of providing dialysis for uremic diabetics is very expensive. Diabetic nephropathy is also associated with markedly increased morbidity and mortality for the patient with diabetes mellitus who develops this complication. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition has protective effects on renal functions and structure in diabetic nephropathy. This protection is probably independent of the systemic hypotensive effect of these agents. That is why effective antihypertensive treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with diabetic nepropathy results in a large reduction in albuminuria and a low rate of decline in kidney function. As a conclusion, all patients with diabetes and documented diabetic glomerulopathy should be treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.
Increased lipoprotein (a) and its relationships with other parameters of lipoprotein metabolism in chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis
(International Heart Journal Association, 1997) Ramazan Yiǧitoǧlu M.; Fevzi Polat M.; Akçay F.; Ari Z.; Sami Uyanik B.; Özilgili H.M.
Background. Studies have shown that patients with chronic renal failure have a high frequency of cardiocascular atheromatous disease. Methods. We examined serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], very-low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1) and B (apo B), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels as possible risk factors for atherosclerosis in 45 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) treated by hemodialysis (HD) and in 15 CRF patients who were not on HD. A control group of 20 healthy subjects was also studied. Results. The proportion of smokers and body mass indexes were similar between the groups. In both patient groups, higher TG, TC and Lp(a) and lower apo A1 and HDL-C levels in serum were found than in those of controls. Serum apo B and LDL-C were similar in the patients treated by HD and the controls. Serum VLDL-C and LDL-C were similar in the CRF patients who were not on HD and the controls. The highest ratios of apo B/apo A1 and LDL-C/HDL-C were found in HD patients. The highest ratio of TC/HDL-C was found in the other patient group. We found significant correlations between Lp(a) and other parameters of lipoprotein metabolism in CRF patients, both those who were and those who were not on HD. Conclusions. Our results indicate that CRF patients who both were and were not on HD show atherogenic changes in the lipoprotein pattern, and that the increase in Lp(a) during the CRF phase is basically related to the loss of renal function and may also depend on the resultant alterations which are produced in other lipoprotein variables.
The relationship of plasma zinc to lymphocyte subsets in children with chronic upper respiratory tract infections
(1996) Oksel F.; Tanell B.
Plasma zinc level (PZL) and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were simultaneously assessed in children with plasma zinc levels > 0.80 mg/L (Group I, 20 cases), and in children with plasma zinc levels < 0.70 mg/L, with chronic upper respiratory infection (Group II, 22 cases) during one of the silent periods; and before (Group III-A, 11 cases) and after (Group III-B) 2 mg/kg/30 days zinc sulphate supplementation. Among all the significant findings of Student's t-test and regression analysis, the outstanding significant differences were: 1) between T4/T8 ratios (P < .001, t = 3.469) in Groups I and II; and 2) between T4/T8 ratios (P < .011, t = 2.715) in Groups III-A and III-B. Significant polynomial parabolic relations were found 1) between T(S) counts and the PZL in Group II (P < .009, r = 0.626) and in Group III-A (P < .039, r = 0.746), respectively; and 2) between B lymphocyte (B lym) populations and the PZL in Group II (P < .002, r = 0.688) and in Group III-A (P < .020, r = 0.790) respectively. Significant multifactorial relations were found 1) between PZL-T8-B lym (P < .007, r = 0.636) in Group II and (P < .014, r = 0.812) in Group III-A (thus, low PZL affects both T8 and B lym counts); and 2) between PZL-T8-T4/TB8-B lym in Group II (P < .014, r = 0.660) and Group III-A (P < .023, r = 0.850). However, the same relations were not seen when the plasma-zinc value was normal or after zinc supplementation. We did not come across any report in the literature concerning regression analyses and curve illustrations in children with upper respiratory tract infection and low plasma zinc level. In conclusion, children with chronic upper respiratory tract infections presenting a low plasma zinc level would seem to benefit if zinc is supplemented.
P-36 Antidepressant choice in the outpatient department of a psychiatry clinic
(Elsevier B.V., 1996) Işelli I.; Özmen E.
[No abstract available]

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