Browsing by Publisher "FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR"

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    Investigation of Some Pollution Parameters in Water and Sediment Samples Collected From the Lower Gediz River Basin
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Öner, Ö; Çelik, A
    The River Gediz, is the second greatest river of Aegean Region, is under threat of pollution caused by institutions of region, domestic waste, agricultural chemicals and artificial fertilizers. All kinds of substances which are above standardized limit values for water can make pollution. These pollutant levels could determine water usage aims. Heavy metals in trace level are the most hazardous of these matters. In our study, the physical and chemical parameters of water and the level of heavy metal concentration in water and sediment samples are analyzed in five different stations of Gediz River. The average level of some parameters are; BOD: 67.7 mg/L, COD: 88.7 mg/L, pH: 7.6, turbidity: 440 mg/L SiO(2). In water samples, the metals in high level are; Pb: 27.0+/-%0.8 mu g/L at Nif River, Cr: 48.9+/-%0.9 mu g/L at Muradiye Bridge, Cd: 12.1+/-%0.6 mu g/L at Istanbul Bridge, Cu: 90.2+/-%0.4 mu g/L at Muradiye Bridge, Ni: 309.8+/-%0.7 mu g/L, Fe: 914.1+/-%0.3 mu g/L, Zn: 208.3+/-%0.5 mu g/L in Karacay. The quality of water is at the level of four, according to Water Pollution Control Regulations. The sediment and soil samples taken from different station were also compared. It is seen that, the organic matter which is accumulated at the bottom of the river, increase the concentration of the metals.
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    Some Heavy Metal Determination by ICP-OES in Human Scalp Hair (In Three Different Regions of Manisa)
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Çelik, A; Abali, Y; Edgünlü, G; Uzunoglu, S; Tirtom, VN
    The aim of this study was to determine the levels of As, Cd, Mn, Cr, Fe, Pb, Hg, Zn and Se in hair samples collected from the nape of the neck of voluntary people living or working in the industrial region, city center and countryside of Manisa province. The concentrations of As, Cd, Mn, Cr, Fe, Pb, Se, Zn were determined by ICP-OES. The measured values of trace elements in human hair samples were compatible to the reference values given in the literature. The measured values of As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Se and Pb were found below the detection limit of the method. Zn, Mn and Fe were statistically analysed and evaluated. When the Fe and Mn values of the hair samples collected from the industrial region were compared with the data from both the city center and countryside (ANOVA), the differences were meaningful and significant, but the differences for Zn between the industrial region, city center and countryside were found to be insignificant.
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    Production and Characterization of Wall Plaster with Borax and Paper Wastes and Perlite Additives
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Batar, T; Köksal, NS; Yersel, SE
    In this study, a new wall plaster product was generated using 0-5% perlite, 0-2.5% waste paper and 3.5-17.7% waste calcined borax. The optimum ratios for the additives were 3% perlite, 1.5% waste paper and 7.1% waste calcined borax. The new plaster was subjected to mechanical strength and thermal transmittance measurements using TS 825 and TS 12808-3 Turkish standards. Under optimal mixing ratios, the plaster had a thermal conductivity of 0.17 W/m(2)K and a mechanical strength (bending) of 61.44 kg/cm(2) 2K. V. The required standards by TSE 825 are 0.13 W/m(2)K the new product was compared with the existing plasters in the market, it was observed that thermal transmittance and mechanical strength were both increased by 26% and 31%, respectively. Thus, a new environmental-friendly wall plaster product was produced.
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    An Investigation on Habitat and Population Properties of Local Endemic Erodium somanum
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Oskay, D; Altan, Y
    Habitat and population properties of Erodium somanum with also changing these characters timely were investigated. Distribution soils of this species are slightly alkaline, without salt and generally limes structure, adequate for ferrous but poor for phosphor. Climate type is semi-arid upper Mediterranean especially winter is cool. Distribution area of population is approximately 5 km(2). Population density calculated as 3.04. According to results of size and sexual dispersal of individuals, a total of 83% of plants in spreading area between 0 to 25 cm(2) were determined not yet attained sexual mature. The ratio of sex index in population was 1.26, average of the demographic increase of the flowering season for each year was only 35%. We suggested this species to CR B1ab(i) + (iii) in endangered groups of IUCN criteria based on the data that obtained from population studies.
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    Investigation of Boron Pollution in the Gediz River
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Minareci, O
    This study was conducted to determine the concentration of boron in the waters of the Gediz River. According to the results, the boron concentrations ranged from 0.125 to 4.548 mg/L. The average boron value (2.428 mg/L) was compared with Environmental Regulations, Water Pollution Control Regulations and Quality Criteria for Inland Water Resources by Class. The Gediz River was determined as class IV (very polluted) in terms of the boron parameters. It was concluded that the reason for the high boron values were natural and/or industrial discharges at some stations.
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    Determination of Microfungi Flora of Soil Polluted by Industrial Wastewater in Aydin, Izmir and Manisa City
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Basbülbül, G; Biyik, H; Kalyoncu, F; Kalmis, E; Oryasin, E
    In this study, soil samples of 14 different localities polluted with industrial wastewaters around Aydin, Izmir and Manisa City were taken with seasonal intervals. The samples were brought to the laboratory and their microfungi were isolated and identified. The most frequently isolated genus from soil samples was found to be Aspergillus, followed by genus Penicillium. Among the isolated microfungi, Aspergillus niger is the most abundant species in soil. Microfungal concentrations of soil samples varied between 3,8 x 101 and 1,86 x 10(5) cfu/g. Depending on seasons, salinity of stations were measured between 0.004 % and 0.56 %, pH were between 6.36 and 9.81 and organic matter were between 0.13 % and 29.15.
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    Ecological Status of the Coastal Waters of Ayvalik (Aegean Sea, Turkey) Assessed Using the EEI Method
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Taskin, E
    Macroalgae and angiosperms are proposed as biological elements to assess the ecological status of coastal waters and transitional systems by the EU Water Framework Directive. Recently, the Ecological Evaluation Index (EEI) was intercalibrated in the Mediterranean eco-region by the Mediterranean Geographic Intercalibration Group (MEDGIG). In the present paper, the EEI was tested at two different localities, the inner and outer bays of the city Ayvalik located on the Aegean coast of Turkey. The study shows a high ecological quality for the outer bay whereas, the inner bay is of moderate quality.
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    Alternative Concepts and Widespread Beliefs Among 7th Grade Students Related to Snakes
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Oluk, S
    In this study, alternative conceptions and myths concerning with snakes of 7(th) grade Students were investigated. The study sample consisted of 423 students (211 girls, 202 boys) in nine cities (Adiyaman, Aydin, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Gaziantep, Izmir, Mardin, Mus, Batman). Data were gathered through a questionnaire consisting of 28 items, which was developed by the researcher. The items in the questionnaire were grupped under four sections as; venom and emergency medical treatment for snake bites; human-snake relationships and myths; feeding habits of snakes; classification and morphological properties of snakes. Statistical analysis showed that; students don't have enough knowledge about snakes and therefore they have various alternative conceptions; common beliefs ire frequently observed among Students and they are the causes of alternative conceptions.
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    Phytotoxicity of Water and Sediment from Nif Brook (Izmir, Turkey) on Green Algae Desmodesmus (=Scenedesmus) Subspicatus
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Katalay, S; Boyacioglu, M; Arslan, OC; Parlak, H; Karaaslan, MA
    The water of Nif Brook (Izmir, Turkey) is polluted by industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources. As the water of the brook is used for domestic and industrial water supply as well as for irrigation, it is of great importance to know the toxicity potential for the natural populations. For this purpose the standard test. protocol for the short term phytotoxicity test method OECD 201 Algal Growth Inhibition has been evaluated with cultures of green algae Desmodesmus (=Scenedesmus) subspicatus as the representative of the first trophic level. The test has been used to assess the toxicity of both water and sediment samples from the brook. Five sampling sites from the brook were selected considering the type of pollution sources. The water samples were tested with 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 % dilutions in a test medium. Extracts of sediment samples were assayed in three different concentrations (20, 40 and 100 mg/mL). The effects on the growth of D. subspicatus were evaluated by scoring cell numbers under the light microscope with a Neubauer haemocytometer counting chamber. According to the results, the water samples stimulated the algal growth (except station 1); although all sediment samples inhibited the growth of populations, in several grades.
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    A New Analytical Method for the Determination of Phenolic Compounds and Their Antioxidant Activities in Different Wheat Grass Varieties
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Kardas, TA; Durucasu, I
    In this work, the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of wheat grass, Turkish Amber Durum wheat was studied. For this purpose Turkish Amber Durum wheat was germinated at three different times (15, 30 and 40 days). All the wheat samples sprouted in the same organic conditions and then dried with air and without sunlight and placed into an incubator at 50 degrees C overnight. The dried and milled amber wheat grass was extracted with ethyl acetate and compared for their antioxidant capacities against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) radical, and at the same time the total phenolic content (TPC) was determined. Phenolic compounds in the extracts were examined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, by using a new method, nine standards were separately detected within 50 min by using the HPLC system, as previously reported by other authors. The major phenolics, identified in the wheat grass that consisted of ferulic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, quercetin and bha (butylated hydroxyanisole). The highest antioxidant and antiradical activities were detected in Turkish Amber wheat that sprouted in 15 days. This study demonstrates that the importance of wheat grass is due to its high antioxidant activity Consumption of wheat grass has positive effects on human health such as reduced risk of coronary heart diseases, certain type of cancers and stroke. Due to the high antioxidant effect of wheat grass the aim is to use it as a food preservative. When wheat grass will be used as a natural food preservative, carcinogenic effects of synthetic food preservatives for body would be preserved.
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    A Study of Trace Element Contents in Plants Growing at Honaz Dagi-Denizli, Turkey
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Baslar, S; Kula, I; Dogan, Y; Yildiz, D; Ay, G
    Denizli is one of the rapidly developing states in the West Anatolian Region of Turkey Keeping this in view, 30 different plants were selected to study their potential as biomonitors of trace elements like Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn (mu g g(-1), dry weight). The samples were collected from two different altitudes of Honaz Dagi, a mauntain overlooking at state of Denizli. The concentrations of trace elements were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The mean concentrations determined at 1000 in altitude ranged between 0.273 to 0.488, 0.099 to 0.488, 0.306 to 0.682, 1.017 to 3.744, and 0.148 to 0.674 (mu g g(-1), dry weight), of Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn, respectively. At 1600 in altitude, the values ranged between 0.225 to 0.534, 0.150 to 0.842, 0.234 to 0.905, 1.082 to 3.864 and 0.023 to 0.982 (mu g g(-1), dry weight) of Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, Pb and Mn, respectively. No Cd was detected at both altitudes.
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    A comparative study of antimicrobial activity using well and disk diffusion method on Asphodelus aestivus (Liliaceae)
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR) Oskay, M; Aktas, K; Sari, D; Azeri, C
    Plant parts were powdered, extracted in a Soxhlet extractor with n-butanol and ethanol (60-80 degrees C) for 12 h, filtered using Whatman filter paper no:4 and the filtrate was then evaporated at 70 degrees C. For determination of antimicrobial activity, different concentrations of crude extract tested against bacteria and yeasts by both well and disk diffusion method. Results showed that the A phodelus aestivus extract (Flower, fruits and whole plant) exhibited antimicrobial activity ranging from 2 to 15 mm. Extract obtained with ethanol was showed more inhibision. According to same concentrations of crude extract used with well diffusion method results were a bit higher than disc diffusion results. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined on susceptible microorganisms by macrobroth dilution method, and MIC values were shown from 36 to 90 mg/mL. Also some commercial antibiotics were used to determine sensitivity of the test microorganisms and comparison.