Browsing by Publisher "WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH"
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Item Enhanced Electrochemical Determination of Catechol and Hydroquinone Based on Pd Nanoparticles/Poly(Taurine) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Koçak, ÇC; Koçak, SHere, Pd nanoparticles and poly(taurine) film was prepared on the glassy carbon electrode surface (Pd/Poly(TAU)/GCE) by the rapid electrochemical technique. The proposed composite surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). Enhanced electron transfer ability and higher electroactive surface area were achieved at Pd/Poly (TAU)/GCE as compared to the bare GCE and polymer film electrode. The new and highly stable Pd/Poly(TAU)/GCE was employed for the individual and simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol which were environmentally toxic. Under the optimized conditions, HQ and CC were individually determined by using the differantial pulse voltammetry in the linear ranges of 0.008-100 mu M and 0.001-100 mu M with the detection limits of (LOD) 2.1 nM and 0.68 nM, respectively. In case of simultaneous determination, LODs were found as 10 nM and 0.88 nM for HQ and CC, respectively. The content of both analytes in the real sample analysis was evaluated in the river water and tap water successfully.Item Simultaneous electrochemical determination of hydrazine and nitrite based on Au nanoparticles decorated on the poly(Nile Blue) modified carbon nanotube(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Hatip, M; Koçak, S; Dursun, ZIn this study, simultaneous determination of toxic hydrazine and nitrite was performed on composite electrodes of poly(Nile blue)(NB), carbon nanotube(CNT) and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs). The prepared AuNPs/CNT/poly(NB)/GCE was used for as a sensor platform for individual and simultaneous determination of hydrazine and nitrite. Electrodes were characterized by HRTEM, SEM, XPS, EIS. The LOD for nitrite and hydrazine was 5.0 mu M and 3.1 mu M at AuNP/CNT/poly(NB)/GCE, respectively. Also, sensitive amperometric determinations of hydrazine and nitrite were performed and LOD were calculated as 0.33 mu M and 0.68 mu M, respectively. The method was applied to sausage and river water samples and recovery results were obtained in the range 85-115 %.Item Platinum Nanoparticles/Poly(isoleucine) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Kocak, SA new electrochemical sensor based on Poly(Isoleucine) modified glassy carbon electrode decorated with platinum nanoparticles (Pt/Poly(Isoleucine)/GCE) was developed for sensitive individual and simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were performed in order to characterize the Pt/Poly(Isoleucine)/GCE nanocomposite. For simultaneous determination of HQ and CC, Pt/Poly(Isoleucine)/GCE showed wide linear range between the 0.01-100.0 mu M. The detection limits were 0.006 mu M for HQ and 0.005 mu M for CC. The Pt/Poly(Isoleucine)/GC electrode exhibited good sensitivity and reliability in the simultaneous electroanalysis of two isomers in PBS of pH 7.5. The modified electrode was used to detect the isomers in naturel samples.Item Bioevaluation of Spiro N-Propargylic β-Enaminones as Anti-Breast Cancer Agents: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Atmaca, H; Ilhan, S; Dundar, BA; Zora, MThe study aimed to investigate the in vitro inhibitory activities of spiro N-propargylic beta-enaminones, SPEs 1-31, against BCa cells, to perform in silico molecular docking studies to understand the nature of the interaction between the compounds and the ER alpha, PR, EGFR, and Her2, and to determine the ADMET and drug-likeness properties. Cytotoxic activity was investigated via MTT assay. DNA fragmentation was evaluated via ELISA assay. Cell cycle distributions were investigated by flow cytometry. Expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, p21 and Cyclin D1 were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Molecular docking was done using Autodock/vina software. ADMET analysis was calculated using the ADMETlab 2.0 tool. SPEs 1, 22, and 28 showed selective cytotoxic activity against all BCa cells with SI values >2. SPEs induced apoptosis and caused significant changes in Bcl-2 and Bax levels. The cell cycle was arrested at the S phase and levels of p21 and Cyclin D1 were induced in all BCa cells. Molecular docking analysis revealed that SPE1, SPE22, and SPE28 showed high binding affinities with ER alpha, PR, EGFR, and Her2. ADMET analysis revealed that SPEs are drug-like compounds as they obey the five rules of Lipinsky and are not toxic. Therefore, these potential anticancer compounds should be further validated by in vivo studies for their appropriate function in human health with a safety profile, and a comprehensive drug interaction study should be performed.Item Speciation of [Cp*2M2O5] in Polar and Donor Solvents(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Sözen-Aktas, P; Del Rosal, I; Manoury, E; Demirhan, F; Lledós, A; Poli, RThe speciation of compounds [Cp*2M2O5] (M=Mo, W; Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) in different protic and aprotic polar solvents (methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, acetonitrile), in the presence of variable amounts of water or acid/base, has been investigated by 1HNMR spectrometry and electrical conductivity. Specific hypotheses suggested by the experimental results have been further probed by DFT calculations. The solvent (S)-assisted ionic dissociation to generate [Cp*MO2(S)]+ and [Cp*MO3] takes place extensively for both metals only in water/methanol mixtures. Equilibrium amounts of the neutral hydroxido species [Cp*MO2(OH)] are generated in the presence of water, with the relative amount increasing in the order MeCN approximate to acetoneItem Characterization of hot forged P285NH steel by metallurgical investigation and reliability analysisCharakterisierung von warmgeschmiedetem P285NH-Stahl durch metallurgische Untersuchungen und Zuverlassigkeitsanalyse(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Saklakoglu, N; Çivi, C; Hocalar, Ç; Demirok, SAn extensive study was carried out to investigate the effect of cooling rate after hot forging process and normalization step on the hardness, strength and impact toughness and microstructure of P285NH steel. Understanding of the combined effect of cooling rate and normalization on the mechanical and microstructural properties of the steel would help to select conditions required to achieve optimum mechanical properties. The results indicated that the microstructures of all forging and cooling conditions were dominated by ferrite and pearlite phases with different morphologies and grain sizes according to various cooling rates. Conveyor cooling led to a formation of relatively fine acicular ferrite and pearlite grains in comparison to batch cooling which presented coarse polygonal ferrite with pearlite. Based on the data fluctuation of Charpy tests, the normal distribution provided a statistical analysis method for assessing the reliability. Through the statistical analysis of the distribution function, it can be concluded that normalization step is necessary for higher reliability. Both batch cooling and conveyor cooling did not give the required reliability level for safety components due to heterogeneities in the microstructure.Item Lignin Recovery Using Alkaline Pretreatment of Walnut Shells(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Deniz, IThe effects of alkaline pretreatment of walnut shells (WS) utilizing NaOH, Ca(OH)(2), or KOH were studied. The highest lignin recovery was obtained from WS pretreated with NaOH-glycerol. The optimum lignin recovery after pretreatment could be achieved when the NaOH/solid value was 20:1 (mL g(-1)). CaCl2 loading could enhance lignin flocculation, which improved the lignin recovery. Also, the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis was determined when xylanase and cellulase were added to the pretreated residue. WS pretreated in NaOH-water and NaOH-glycerol solutions were found to result in the highest xylose and glucose concentrations. This study indicates the broad application prospects of alkaline pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in agriculture and industry.Item Can Enzyme-Resistant Starch Snack Prevent Blood Glucose Fluctuations? A Pilot Trial in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Cesur, F; Seçkiner, S; Kucukerdonmez, O; Cagindi, O; Saygili, LF; Meseri, RThis study aims to compare the effect of enzyme-resistant starch flour (ERSF) and standard wheat flour (SWF) bagels given as a mid-afternoon snack on blood glucose (BG) levels in patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). First, bagels containing 15 g of carbohydrates are prepared using ERSF or SWF. Then, the effect of bagels prepared using SWF or ERSF on BG levels is examined through clinical research. A continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) device is placed and then, the patients are given three packages of bagels that are visually similar and are asked to consume the red package (SWF bagel) on the first day and blue packages (ERSF bagels) on the second and third days as a mid-afternoon snack, without consuming anything else. The increase in BG from ERSF is less than that caused by SWF bagel consumption, and SWF is found to have higher BG averages than ERSF (ERSF: 150 mg dL(-1), SWF: 170 mg dL(-1)). Patients stated that they like the taste and do not feel any discomfort while consuming ERSF bagels. ERSF bagels have higher fiber content and cause more even fluctuations in BG levels than SWF bagels. Food fortification using ERSF foods can be recommended for patients with T2DM.Item Identification of Marker Molecules in Aqueous Plant Extracts Affecting the Gold Nanostructures' Morphology and Size(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Elgaleidh, MAM; Tepe, HD; Doyuk, F; Çeter, T; Yazgan, IThis work was performed as a comparative study using nine different aqueous pollen grain extracts from eight different genera (Juniperus, Biota, Cupressus, Abies, Pinus, Cedrus, Populus and Corylus) to synthesize gold nanostructures (AuNSs) to understand if there is any possible marker that helps to predict the final morphology and size of the AuNSs. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that Apigenin and Pinoresinol compounds are the marker molecules in determination of the AuNSs physical characteristics while total protein, reducing carbohydrate, flavonoid and phenol contents did not show any statistically meaningful outcome. The dominancy hypothesis was tested by paying attention to the most concentrated phenolic acids and flavonoids in the control of AuNSs morphology and size, for which correlation analysis were performed. The statistical findings were tested using two new more pollen extracts to validate the models. Three main findings of the study were (i) determination of Apigenin and Pinoresinol levels in pollen extract can give an insight into the AuNSs physical characters, (ii) the most concentrated phenolic acids and flavonoids don't need to be same to pose same dictative effect on AuNSs morphology and size, rather relatively abundant ones in the extract play the key role and (iii) differences in the polymeric structures (e. g. lignin, cellulosic compounds etc.) have minor effect on the final morphology and size of the AuNSs. imageItem Design, synthesis, and in vitro biological evaluation of novel thiazolopyrimidine derivatives as antileishmanial compounds(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Istanbullu, H; Bayraktar, G; Akbaba, H; Cavus, I; Coban, G; Butuner, BD; Kilimcioglu, AA; Ozbilgin, A; Alptuzun, V; Erciyas, EA series of thiazolopyrimidine derivatives was designed and synthesized as aLeishmania majorpteridine reductase 1 (LmPTR1) enzyme inhibitor. TheirLmPTR1 inhibitor activities were evaluated using the enzyme produced byEscherichia coliin a recombinant way. The antileishmanial activity of the selected compounds was tested in vitro againstLeishmaniasp. Additionally, the compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. According to the results, four compounds displayed not only a potent in vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigote forms but also low cytotoxicity. Among them, compoundL16exhibited an antileishmanial activity for both the promastigote and amastigote forms ofL. tropica, with IC(50)values of 7.5 and 2.69 mu M, respectively. In addition, molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations were also carried out in this study. In light of these findings, the compounds provide a new potential scaffold for antileishmanial drug discovery.Item Reduction of [Cp*2Mo2O5] in aqueous medium(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Demirhan, F; Çagatay, B; Demir, D; Baya, M; Daran, JC; Poli, RThe reduction of [CP*2MO2O5] with Zn in a MeOH/H2O solotion acidified with either CF3COOH or CF3SO3H leads to the formation of the [CP*3MO3(mu-O)(2)(mu-OH)(4)](2+) ion as its trifluoroacetate or trifluoromethanesulfonate salt. The structure of the compound was confirmed by X-ray analyses. The anions establish hydrogen-bonding interactions with all four bridging OH groups. Density functional calculations afford bonding parameters in close agreement with the observed structure and indicate that the cluster is best described as a valence-delocalized Mo-3(13+) species. The five metal electrons are distributed among an a-type (z(2)) orbital, which accounts for most of the metal-metal attraction, and two essentially metal-metal nonbonding e-type (xy) orbitals with a slight Mo(mu-O) pi*-type contribution. Because of the C-2 symmetry, the latter orbitals are not degenerate. The calculations show that the unpaired electron is located in a molecular orbital with equal contribution from two Mo atoms, in agreement with the experimental observation of coupling of the unpaired electron to two Mo atoms in the isotropic EPR spectrum. (c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Gerniany, 2006.Item Onosma demirizii: Chemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Ozer, MS; Karan, RC; Ceylan, O; Sarikurkcu, C; Tepe, AS; Aboul-Soud, MAM; Ghneim, HKThe primary objectives of the present work were to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant potential and enzyme inhibitory activity of three extracts derived from Onosma demirizii (Boraginaceae), including methanol, water and ethyl acetate, and to chemically characterize the phytochemicals underlying this activity. A rapid, reproducible, simple, and sensitive method, which had been previously validated, was employed to identify 31 phenolics based on liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The conducted analysis of LC-ESI-MS/MS indicated that the methanol extract of O. demirizii was the richest in terms of both flavonoids and phenolics (42.75 mg GAEs/g extract and 59.90 mg QEs/g extract, respectively). The compounds with greatest abundance in methanol extract were hesperidin (177957 mg/g extract), chlorogenic acid (31815 mg/g extract), hyperoside (10199 mg/g extract), rosmarinic acid (8857 mg/g extract) and pinoresinol (2502 mg/g extract). Moreover, methanol extract exhibited the greatest activity in all antioxidant assays except for ferrous ion-chelating assay. The EC50/IC50 values of the extract in CUPRAC and FRAP reducing power, phosphomolybdenum, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays were determined to be 0.85, 1.47, 0.47, 1.78, and 1.67 mg/mL, respectively. However, the ferrous ion-chelating assay was superior for water extract (1.07 mg/mL). Contrary to the results obtained from the assays of antioxidant activity, ethyl acetate extract was observed to be effective in enzymatic inhibition tests. The extract exhibited the highest activity against AChE and BChE (IC50 values 1.04 and 1.47 mg/mL, respectively). These extracts and compounds can be useful for the management of human diseases that are linked to oxidative stress.Item Electrochemical Determination of Levofloxacin Using Poly(Pyrogallol Red) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Koçak, ÇC; Aslisen, B; Karabiberoglu, S; Özdokur, KV; Aslan, A; Koçak, SIn this paper, an electrochemical sensor for levofloxacin detection was developed by electrochemical polymerization of pyrogallol red (PGR) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surfaces. Surface morphology and electrical properties of the Poly(PGR)/GCE obtained was characterized by SEM and EIS techniques. Voltammetric behaviour of the levofloxacin was found pH dependent, and the best response was obtained at pH 6.0 PBS. By monitoring the peak current at around 0.9 V, a wide linear range of calibration graph: from 0.2 mu M- 15 mu M LEV and 15 mu M- 355 mu M for levofloxacin, and very low detection limit of 97 nM were achieved with amperometry. Selectivity of the method developed was proven in the presence of possible interfering substances and the method was successfully employed for levofloxacin detection in pharmaceutical tablet and synthetic urine sample.Item Surface nanocrystallization of SAE 1008 steel by single and multipass thread rolling process(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Kahraman, F; Gençer, GM; Kahraman, ADIn this study, the layers are investigated which are obtained on the surfaces of the single and multi-pass thread rolled screws. It is observed that deformation is more homogenous depending on the pass number and thread laps failure do not form on the 3-passed threads. A nanocrystallized layer that thicknesses and size depends on deformation amount is determined on the surfaces of the thread rolled SAE 1008 steel. While top of this layer has finer grain sizes, depending on the deformation amount grains coursed and oriented by the deformation direction. The finer grains are observed in the single pass thread rolled sample as size of 136 nm at the 15 mm inside from the surface of the root of the thread. Compared with bulk material, significant hardness increase is observed on the surfaces of the all thread rolled samples. The effect of pass number on the hardness is very low, increases of the pass number, hardness increases slightly. But thicknesses of layer are enhanced to increase the pass number.Item The effect of thermomechanical process on metallurgical and mechanical properties of 38MnVS6 micro alloyed steelEinfluss des thermomechanischen Prozesses auf die metallurgischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften von mikrolegiertem 38MnVS6-Stahl(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Erçayhan, Y; Saklakoglu, NThis study aims to have the proper mechanical properties without applying any heat treatment process after hot forging by using 38MnVS6 micro alloyed steel in tow hook manufacturing which is used in automobiles. The effect of forging temperature and cooling rate on metallurgical and mechanical properties of micro alloyed steel is investigated. The samples of micro alloyed steel are forged at 800 degrees C, 850 degrees C, 900 degrees C, 1050 degrees C and cooled down at the rates of 0.75 degrees C/s and 1.5 degrees C/s. The forging temperature and the cooling rate have a significant effect on toughness by the experimental and numerical studies. The amount of ferrite increases with a decreasing forging temperature, and the toughness is improved by increasing the amount of ferrite. Also, by increasing the cooling rate after forging at 1050 degrees C, the acicular ferrite is observed which has a positive effect on both the toughness and strength of the micro alloyed steel.Item Optimization of weld bead geometry of laser welded ANSI 304 austenitic stainless steel using grey-based Taguchi methodOptimierung der Schweissraupengeometrie von laserstrahlgeschweisstem austenitischem ANSI 304-Edelstahl unter Verwendung der grau-basierten Taguchi-Methode(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Irizalp, SG; Koroglu, BKThis paper investigates the quality characteristics of the welding geometry of the laser welding process for the ANSI 304 austenitic stainless steel, with the use of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding system. Laser welding of 2 mm thick ANSI 304 stainless steel is performed at three different levels of three factors, i. e., peak power, welding speed and pulse duration. In this study, a multi-response optimization problem is developed to achieve weld bead geometry with full penetration as well as a narrow bead width and minimum crater. Grey relational analysis based on Taguchi orthogonal array is used to present an effective approach for the optimization of laser welding process parameters. Regression equations between the welding parameters and the bead dimensions for laser welded austenitic stainless steels are developed, which are used in predicting the penetration, width and crater. Finally, the equations are tested for values different from the levels of the parameters in the orthogonal array. It will be beneficial to engineers for continuous improvement in laser welded product quality.Item 4-Propargyl-substituted 1H-pyrroles induce apoptosis and autophagy via extracellular signal-regulated signaling pathway in breast cancer(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Atmaca, H; Ilhan, S; Yilmaz, ES; Zora, MNovel pyrrole derivatives (PDs) with propargyl units (1-7) were investigated for their anticancer activity on breast cancer cells. The MTT assay was used to assess the cell viability. Morphological changes in human breast cancer cells were visualized under a phase-contrast microscope. Apoptosis and autophagy were detected using the DNA fragmentation assay and staining by autophagic vacuoles, respectively. The levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins such as cytochrome c, Bcl-2, LC3-I/II were investigated by Western blot analysis. The effect of PDs on the ERK1/2 signaling pathway was investigated using specific inhibitors. All the tested PDs were found to be active in the range of 36.7 +/- 0.2 to 459.7 +/- 4.2 mu M. Compounds 3 and 4 showed cytotoxic activity in breast cancer cells, but were found to be safer with lower cytotoxicity on human nontumorigenic epithelial breast cells. Compound 4 induced apoptosis, whereas compound 3 induced autophagy. Both compounds inhibited the ERK signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. The present study revealed that both synthesized PDs induced different programmed cell death types by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway in two genotypically different breast cancer cells. Therefore, novel PDs might be promising anticancer agents for breast cancer therapy and further structural modifications of PDs may yield promising anticancer agents.Item Orientation dependence of the ion beam and cathodoluminescence of albite(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Garcia-Guinea, J; Finch, A; Can, N; Hole, D; Townsend, PIon beam induced luminescence and cathodoluminescence of albite produce unexpected differences between (010) and (001) aligned samples. The emission spectra are modified by temperature and different components change in their relative intensity as a result of excitation by different ion beams of H+, H-2(+) and He+. A consideration of processes which can induce the orientation dependence and the role of excitation density that influences the component features are both discussed. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Item Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptotic Effects of Novel 1-Pyrroline (3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrrole) Derivatives on Breast Cancer Cells(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Atmaca, H; Ilhan, S; Korkmaz, E; Zora, MHeterocyclic compounds have emerged as promising and appealing scaffolds for developing effective antitumor agents. Here, the effects of synthesized 24 different 1-pyrroline derivatives (PDs) containing substituted aryl sulfide moiety were investigated on human breast cancer cell lines. The viability of cells was assessed via MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was analyzed via fluorescent dye CM-H2DCFDA. Apoptotic cells were determined via flow cytometry. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated protein levels were analyzed via western blot analysis. Four of the PDs (PD-12, -14, -16 and -17) had great cytotoxic selectivity against breast cancer cells. Apoptotic cell death was induced by PDs via the generation of ROS. PDs significantly increased the GRP78, p-PEAK, p-eIF2 alpha, and CHOP protein levels indicating ER stress in breast cancer cells. These results imply that newly synthesized PDs may be potential anticancer agents as they selectively inhibit breast cancer cells.Item Cyclopentadienylmolybdenum(VI) and molybdenum(V) oxo chemistry: New synthetic and structural features(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH) Saurenz, D; Demirhan, F; Richard, P; Poli, R; Sitzmann, HConvenient syntheses for Cp, Cp*, and related cyclopentadienyl derivatives (Cp-4 = C(5)HiPr(4); CP' = C(5)H(2)tBu(3)-1,2,4) of formula [(Ring)(2)MO2O5] are described. Compound [CP2MO2O5] was produced in good yields by the rapid oxidation of red [CPMoO2](4) with PhIO in CH2Cl2. [CP*2Mo2O5] was obtained by CH3COOH acidification of aqueous solutions of [CP*MoO3]-Na+, the latter being generated in a single step from [CP*MoCl4] and more than 5 equiv. of aqueous NaOH in air. Minor quantities of [CP*MoO2](2) were also isolated from this reaction, although the formation of this by-product may be reduced by using a two-step basic hydrolysis procedure. Extension of the latter strategy also allowed the preparation of [(CP2Mo2O5)-C-4], [CP'2Mo2O5], and [(CpMoO2Cl)-Cp-4] in good yields, in addition to the by-product [CP' MoO2](2). X-ray structures are reported for compounds [(CP2Mo2O5)-C-4], [CP'2Mo2O5], [Cp*MoO2](2), [Cp'MoO2](2), and [(CpMoO2Cl)-Cp-4]. (C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002.