Browsing by Subject "RNA directed DNA polymerase"

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    TRP Channels in Tension-Type Headache: A Pilot Study; [Gerilim Tipi Baş Ağrısında TRP Kanalları: Pilot Çalışma]
    (Turkish Neurosurgical Society, 2021) Gemici Y.İ.; Taşcı İ.; Durmuş K.; Koç A.
    Tension-type headache (TTH) affects many individuals worldwide. Although the exact pathogenesis of TTH remains unclear, central, and peripheral mechanisms are considered to play a role in TTH 1. This pilot study aimed to investigate the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the development or chronic inflammation in TTH and to discuss the findings in the light of literature. This pilot study included a patient group comprising three patients with episodic TTH and three patients with chronic TTH (CTTH) aged 18-40 years with no comorbidities and a control group of three patients with no headache. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from all the participants, and both RNA and cDNA were isolated on the same day. The mRNA levels of pain-related TRP channels [TRPA1, TRP vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM3, and TRPM8] were measured by reverse transcriptase (RT)-quantititave polymerase chain reaction method and were normalized with the levels of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) transcript. Results were analyzed using statistical methods. All three groups were comparable with regard to demographic characteristics. No significant difference was found among the groups with regard to the mRNA levels of the TRP channels normalized by GAPDH, whereas the TRPM8 expression levels were not significantly lower in the CTTH group than in other groups (p=0.066). This study revealed that TRPM8 is likely to have a role in the pathogenesis of TTH, and this role of TRPM8 may be investigated by further studies. © 2021 by Turkish Neurological Society Turkish Journal of Neurology published by Galenos Publishing House.
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    Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance among HIV-1 Patients in the Aegean Region: Results from the Western Part of Turkey
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Sertoz R.; Tekin D.; Erensoy S.; Biceroglu S.; Kaptan F.; Köse S.; Ozkan H.; Cetin B.; Türken M.; Gokengin D.
    Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the antiretroviral drug resistance in antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-positive patients in the Aegean Region of Turkey from 2012 to 2019. Methods: The study included 814 plasma samples from treatment-naïve HIV-positive patients. Drug resistance analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing (SS) between 2012-2017 and by next-generation sequencing sequencing (NGS) between 2018-2019. SS was used to analyze resistance mutations in the protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) gene regions using a ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System. PCR products were analyzed with an ABI3500 GeneticAnalyzer (Ap-plied Biosystems). The sequencing of the HIV genome in the PR, RT, and integrase gene regions was carried out using MiSeq NGS technology. Drug resistance mutations and subtypes were inter-preted using the Stanford University HIV-1 drug resistance database. Results: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutation was detected in 34/814 (4.1 %) samples. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), and protease inhibitor (PI) mutations were identified in 1.4 % (n =12), 2.4 % (n =20), and 0.3 % (n = 3) of samples, respectively. The most common subtypes were B (53.1 %), A (10.9%), CRF29_BF (10.6%), and B + CRF02_AG (8,2%). The most common TDR mutations were E138A (3.4%), T215 revertants (1.7%), M41L (1.5%), and K103N (1.1%). Conclusion: Transmitted drug resistance rate in the Aegean Region is compatible with national and regional data. Routine surveillance of resistance mutations may guide the safe and correct selection of initial drug combinations for antiretroviral therapy. The identification of HIV-1 subtypes and re-combinant forms in Turkey may contribute to international molecular epidemiological data. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.