Browsing by Subject "homeostasis"
Item JNK/FOXO may be key mechanistic pathway for the hormetic anti-aging(2007) Erol A.FOXO transcription factors and evolutionarily conserved c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) could hold the key to counteract hormetic anti-aging and common diseases. Hormesis is increasingly recognized as a mechanism underlying the beneficial anti-aging effects of certain genetic and environmental factors. Caloric restriction and exercise increase the resistance of organisms to stress and activate stress resistance pathways in cells in different tissues throughout the body by hormesis based mechanism. JNK triggers the relocalization of FOXO factors to the nucleus inducing the expression of FOXO dependent stress response and damage repairing genes. This adaptive response to stress stimuli may play an important role in regulating homeostasis at the organismal level and contribute to longevity.Item Diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism: Review; [Primer hiperaldosteronizmin tani ve tedavisi](Turkiye Klinikleri, 2007) Özmen B.; Özmen D.Primary hyperaldosteronism is the syndrome of excessive aldosterone secretion and concomitant suppression of the angiotensin-renin system. Its main pathophysiological features are hypertension, altered potassium homeostasis and accelerated target organ damage. Prospective studies on its prevalence around the world reveal that primary hyperaldosteronism occurs in 5-15% of patients with essential hypertension. The major causes of primary hyperaldosteronism are aldosterone-producing adenoma and bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia. Patients with hypertension and hypokalemia and most patients with treatment-resistant hypertension should be screened for primary aldosteronism with the calculation of plasma concentration to plasma renin activity ratio. The diagnosis is generally 3-tiered, involving an initial screening, confirmation of diagnosis, and determination of the specific subtype of primary hyperaldosteronism. Primary hyperaldosteronism is often refractory to conventional medical treatment. Unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy is an excellent treatment option for patients with unilateral aldosterone-producing- adenoma. But bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism should be treated medically. Sprinolactone has been the drug of choice to treat primary hyperaldosteronism for more than three decades. The treatment goal is to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension, hypokalemia and cardiovascular damage. Copyright © 2007 by Türkiye Klinikleri.Item Effect of growth hormone on small intestinal homeostasis relation to cellular mediators IGF-I and IGFBP-3(Baishideng Publishing Group Co, 2009) Ersoy B.; Ozbilgin K.; Kasirga E.; Inan S.; Coskun S.; Tuglu I.AIM: To evaluate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on the histology of small intestines which might be related to the role of insulin like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and its receptors. METHODS: Twelve week-old adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups. The study group ( n = 10), received recombinant human growth hormone (rGH) at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day subcutaneously for 14 d and the control group ( n = 10) received physiologic serum. Paraffin sections of jejunum were stained with periodic acid shift (PAS) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for light microscopy. They were also examined for IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF-receptor immunoreactivities. Staining intensity was graded semi-quantitatively using the HSCORE. RESULTS: Goblet cells and the cells in crypt epithelia were significantly increased in the study group compared to that of the control group. We have demonstrated an increase of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 immunoreactivities in surface epithelium of the small intestine by GH application. IGF-I receptor immunoreactivities of crypt, villous columnar cells, enteroendocrine cells and muscularis mucosae were also more strongly positive in the study group compared to those of in the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings confirm the important trophic and protective role of GH in the homeostasis of the small intestine. The trophic effect is mediated by an increase in IGF-I synthesis in the small intestine, but the protective effect is not related to IGF-I. © 2009 The WJG Press and Baishideng. All rights reserved.Item Effects of high altitude on sleep and respiratory system and theirs adaptations(2013) San T.; Polat S.; Cingi C.; Eskiizmir G.; Oghan F.; Cakir B.High-altitude (HA) environments have adverse effects on the normal functioning body of people accustomed to living at low altitudes because of the change in barometric pressure which causes decrease in the amount of oxygen leading to hypobaric hypoxia. Sustained exposure to hypoxia has adverse effects on body weight, muscle structure and exercise capacity, mental functioning, and sleep quality. The most important step of acclimatization is the hyperventilation which is achieved by hypoxic ventilatory response of the peripheral chemoreceptors. Hyperventilation results in increase in arterial carbondioxide concentration. Altitude also affects sleep and cardiac output, which is the other determinant of oxygen delivery. Upon initial exposure to HA, the resting pulse rate increases rapidly, but with acclimatization, heart rate and cardiac output tend to fall. Another important component that leads to decrease in cardiac output is the reduction in the stroke volume with acclimatization. During sleep at HA, the levels of CO2 in the blood can drop very low and this can switch off the drive to breathe. Only after the body senses a further drop in O2 levels breathing is started again. Periodic breathing is thought to result from instability in the control system through the hypoxic drive or the response to CO2. © 2013 Turhan San et al.Item The association between insulin resistance and hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: An observational, multicenter study in Turkey(Turkish Society of Gastroenterology, 2014) Dökmeci A.; Üstündaʇ Y.; Hulagu S.; Tuncer I.; Akdoʇan M.; Demirsoy H.; Köklü S.; Güzelbulut F.; Doʇan I.; Demir A.; Akarsu M.; Yüceyar H.; Özdogan O.C.; Özdener F.; Erdoʇan S.Background/Aims: To evaluate the association between insulin resistance and hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.; Materials and Methods: A total of 104 chronic hepatitis C patients were included in this non-interventional, open-label, observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted at 20 gastroenterology clinics in Turkey. The primary end point was the correlation between stage of hepatic fibrosis and insulin resistance evaluated via the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance index. Confounders of hepatic fibrosis and insulin resistance were the secondary end points.; Results: The mean age of patients was 52.8 years; 65.4% were female. Type 2 diabetes was present in 6.8% and insulin resistance noted in 38.0% of patients. Further, 45.7% of the patients had mild (A0/A1) and the remaining had moderate/severe (A2/A3) hepatic necroinflammatory activity. Patient distribution according to Metavir fibrosis stage was as follows: F0/F1 (57.0%); F2 (6.5%); F3 (23.7%); and F4 (12.9%). A univariate analysis revealed significant positive correlations between Metavir fibrosis stage and insulin resistance (r=0.297; p=0.007). Logistic regression analysis showed that significant predictors of insulin resistance were high alanine transaminase levels (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.944-0.997) and liver fibrosis stage (odds ratio, 0.114; 95% confidence interval, 0.021-0.607).; Conclusion: Our findings revealed significant associations between insulin resistance and hepatic fibrosis. © 2014 by The Turkish Society of Gastroenterology.Item Significant changes in trans-epithelial barrier proteins of adenoid tissue with atopic status in children(AVES, 2020) Yılmaz Ö.; Şimşek Y.; İnan S.; Buga Ö.; Eskiizmir G.; Pınar E.; Kanık E.; Yüksel H.OBJECTIVES: Adenoid tissue is important in local immune response and epithelial barrier dysfunction of this tissue may contribute to allergies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the status of cross-epithelial barrier elements in adenoid tissue lymphoepithelium and inhalant allergen sensitization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 5-15 years, who underwent adenotonsillectomy, participated in this study. All subjects underwent skin prick testing with environmental inhalant allergens. Occludin, ZO1, e-cadherin, β-catenin, desmoglein, desmoplakin, and connexon-43 were stained immunohistochemically in the adenoid tissues obtained and scored by H-score. RESULTS: We enrolled 76 children, 14 among whom were sensitized to environmental allergens. Among the zonula occludens proteins, median H-scores for occludin, claudin, and ZO-1 were significantly lower in the atopic compared to the nonatopic group respectively (p<0.001). Similarly, median H-scores for e-cadherin and β catenin proteins of the zonula adherens were significantly lower in the atopic group (p<0.001). Both desmoglein and desmoplakin H-scores were significantly lower in the atopic group [60 (50-100) vs 280 (260300), p<0.001 and 105 (87.5-120) vs 280 (67.25-300), p<0.001 respectively]. Moreover, connexin-43 protein of the gap junction was significantly lower in the atopic group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Adenoid tissue, which is the initial point of contact of inhalant allergens demonstrates epithelial barrier junctional protein, changes in children with inhalant allergen sensitization without clinical allergic disease symptoms. Therefore, it may be concluded that epithelial barrier function plays an important role in the development of allergen sensitization versus tolerance. © 2020 by Turkish Thoracic Society.Item Airplane headache: An atypical case with autonomic symptoms and long duration(ASEAN Neurological Association, 2020) Ataç C.; Kısabay Ak A.; Çetin G.; Batum M.; Gökçay F.; Selçuki D.Airplane Headache (AH) which is classified under headache attributed to disorder of homeostasis in International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-3 is a severe, unilateral, orbitofrontal headache that occurs during and caused by airplane travel. It remits after landing. AH cases with autonomic symptoms had rarely been reported. We present a 35-year-old male complained of five attacks of right-sided, unilateral, orbitofrontal headache accompanied with lacrimation, conjunctival injection and eye redness ipsilaterally, starting 20-30 minutes prior to landing. The headache duration varied between 30-90 minutes. AH diagnosis was made in the light of anamnesis and neurological examination. The secondary causes and primary headaches with autonomic symptoms were ruled out. As far as we know this is the first reported longer duration AH case with autonomic symptoms in the literature. AH is an underdiagnosed headache. We report this atypical AH case to call attention to this rare but treatable headache. © 2020, ASEAN Neurological Association. All rights reserved.Item E-Cadherin: An Important Functional Molecule at Respiratory Barrier Between Defence and Dysfunction(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Yuksel H.; Ocalan M.; Yilmaz O.While breathing, many microorganisms, harmful environmental particles, allergens, and environmental pollutants enter the human airways. The human respiratory tract is lined with epithelial cells that act as a functional barrier to these harmful factors and provide homeostasis between external and internal environment. Intercellular epithelial junctional proteins play a role in the formation of the barrier. E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule and one of the most important molecules involved in intercellular epithelial barier formation. E-cadherin is not only physical barrier element but also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and the immune response to environmental noxious agents through various transcription factors. In this study, we aimed to review the role of E-cadherin in the formation of airway epithelial barier, its status as a result of exposure to various environmental triggers, and respiratory diseases associated with its dysfunction. Moreover, the situations in which its abnormal activation can be noxious would be discussed. © Copyright © 2021 Yuksel, Ocalan and Yilmaz.Item Thiol/disulfide homeostasis in medication-naive children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Ozkan Y.; Kandemir H.; Yalın Sapmaz S.; Taneli F.; Ozdemir H.; Gozaçanlar Ozkan O.Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) causes significant psychic distress and affects children's social and academic functioning. Approximately 80% of OCD cases begin in childhood. Earlier onset is associated with more severe OC symptoms, poorer treatment response, and a more unfavorable clinical course. A particular oxidative stress marker, thiol/disulfide homeostasis, using a new, comparatively inexpensive, easily calculated, easily accessible, repeatable, and fully automated method was investigated between pediatric patients diagnosed with OCD and a healthy control group in this study. This study is the first to address this subject in pediatric patients with OCD and aims to contribute to our knowledge of the etiopathogenesis and treatment of pediatric OCD. The study included children with OCD (n = 35, 52.2%) (drug free, comorbidity free) between 11 and 18 years of age and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 32, 47.8%). The total thiol (p = 0.025) and disulfide (p = 0.001) levels and the disulfide/native thiol (p = 0.001) and disulfide/total thiol ratios (p = 0.001) were significantly different between the groups. Also, in the patient group, biochemical analysis revealed that the disulfide level (p = 0.05) and the disulfide/native thiol (p = 0.034) and disulfide/total thiol ratios (p = 0.039) differed significantly according to the presence of a family history of psychiatric disorders. Consequently, the results of our study show that thiol/disulfide homeostasis may affect the etiopathogenesis of pediatric OCD and can be utilized as a new method when evaluating oxidative stress. © 2021 Elsevier LtdItem Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis: A Potential New Peripheral Biomarker in Adolescent Depression(AVES, 2024) Öztürk M.; Özkan Y.; Yalın Sapmaz Ş.; Erdal S.; Taneli F.; Kandemir H.Background: Thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH), one of the most important antioxidants, is involved in the non-enzymatic removal of reactive oxygen molecules in the body and is one of the many methods to measure the level of oxidative stress (OS). In the present study, TDH is investigated in adolescent depression, and its relationship to clinical variables is examined. Methods: Thirty-two (50.0%) patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and without psychotropic drug use and 32 (50.0%) healthy controls were included in the present study. The subjects MDD and control groups were between 13 and 18 years old. Participants completed the DSM-5 Level-2 scales for depression and irritability. A colorimetric method proposed by Erel and Neselioglu was used to analyze the TDH parameters of serum samples. Results: Biochemical analyses of samples from the MDD and control groups showed significant differences between the groups in native thiol (SH) levels (P =.002), disulfide (SS) levels (P =.021), disulfide/total thiol (SS/ToSH) (P =.009), and disulfide/native thiol (SS/SH) (P =.003) levels. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic showed that the area under the curve values with “acceptable discrimination potential” for the TDH parameters were significantly able to discriminate individuals with MDD from healthy controls. Conclusion: Thiol-disulfide homeostasis, one of the OS parameters, was found to be impaired in adolescents with depression. Our results suggest that TDH may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of adolescent MDD and that TDH may be a novel approach to assess OS in adolescent depression. © 2024, AVES. All rights reserved.