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Item Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC) Zhou, B; Carrillo-Larco, RM; Danaei, G; Riley, LM; Paciorek, CJ; Stevens, GA; Gregg, EW; Bennett, JE; Solomon, B; Singleton, RK; Sophiea, MK; Iurilli, MLC; Lhoste, VPF; Cowan, MJ; Savin, S; Woodward, M; Balanova, Y; Cifkova, R; Damasceno, A; Elliott, P; Farzadfar, F; He, J; Ikeda, N; Kengne, AP; Khang, YH; Kim, HC; Laxmaiah, A; Lin, HH; Maira, PM; Miranda, JJ; Neuhauser, H; Sundström, J; Varghese, C; Widyahening, IS; Zdrojewski, T; Ezzati, M; Abarca-Gómez, L; Abdeen, ZA; Rahim, HFA; Abu-Rmeileh, NM; Acosta-Cazares, B; Adams, RJ; Aekplakorn, W; Afsana, K; Afzal, S; Agdeppa, IA; Aghazadeh-Attari, J; Aguilar-Salinas, CA; Agyemang, C; Ahmad, NA; Ahmadi, A; Ahmadi, N; Ahmadi, N; Ahmadizar, F; Ahmed, SH; Ahrens, W; Ajlouni, K; Al-Raddadi, R; Alarouj, M; AlBuhairan, F; AlDhukair, S; Ali, MM; Alkandari, A; Alkerwi, A; Allin, K; Aly, E; Amarapurkar, DN; Amougou, N; Amouyel, P; Andersen, LB; Anderssen, SA; Anjana, RM; Ansari-Moghaddam, A; Ansong, D; Aounallah-Skhiri, H; Araújo, J; Ariansen, I; Aris, T; Arku, RE; Arlappa, N; Aryal, KK; Aspelund, T; Assah, FK; Assunçao, MCF; Auvinen, J; Avdicová, M; Azevedo, A; Azimi-Nezhad, M; Azizi, F; Azmin, M; Babu, BV; Bahijri, S; Balakrishna, N; Balanova, Y; Bamoshmoosh, M; Banach, M; Banadinovic, M; Bandosz, P; Banegas, JR; Baran, J; Barbagallo, CM; Barceló, A; Barkat, A; Barreto, M; Barros, AJD; Barros, MVG; Bartosiewicz, A; Basit, A; Bastos, JLD; Bata, I; Batieha, AM; Batyrbek, A; Baur, LA; Beaglehole, R; Belavendra, A; Ben Romdhane, H; Benet, M; Bennett, JE; Benson, LS; Berkinbayev, S; Bernabe-Ortiz, A; Bettiol, H; Bezerra, J; Bhagyalaxmi, A; Bhargava, SK; Bia, D; Biasch, K; Lele, ECB; Bikbov, MM; Bista, B; Bjerregaard, P; Bjertness, E; Bjertness, MB; Björkelund, C; Bloch, KV; Blokstra, A; Bo, S; Bobak, M; Boeing, H; Boggia, JG; Boissonnet, CP; Bojesen, SE; Bongard, V; Bonilla-Vargas, A; Bopp, M; Borghs, H; Bovet, P; Boyer, CB; Braeckman, L; Brajkovich, I; Branca, F; Breckenkamp, J; Brenner, H; Brewster, LM; Briceño, Y; Brito, M; Bruno, G; Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB; Bueno, G; Bugge, A; Burns, C; Bursztyn, M; de León, AC; Cacciottolo, J; Cameron, C; Can, G; Candido, APC; Capanzana, MV; Capková, N; Capuano, E; Capuano, V; Cardoso, VC; Carlsson, AC; Carvalho, J; Casanueva, FF; Censi, L; Cervantes-Loaiza, M; Chadjigeorgiou, CA; Chamukuttan, S; Chan, AW; Chan, Q; Chaturvedi, HK; Chaturvedi, N; Chee, ML; Chen, CJ; Chen, FF; Chen, HS; Chen, SH; Chen, ZM; Cheng, CY; Cheraghian, B; Dekkaki, IC; Chetrit, A; Chien, KL; Chiolero, A; Chiou, ST; Chirita-Emandi, A; Chirlaque, MD; Cho, B; Christensen, K; Christofaro, DG; Chudek, J; Cifkova, R; Cinteza, E; Claessens, F; Clarke, J; Clays, E; Cohen, E; Concin, H; Cooper, C; Coppinger, TC; Costanzo, S; Cottel, D; Cowell, C; Craig, CL; Crampin, AC; Crujeiras, AB; Cruz, JJ; Csilla, S; Cui, LF; Cureau, FV; Cuschieri, S; D'Arrigo, G; d'Orsi, E; Dallongeville, J; Damasceno, A; Danaei, G; Dankner, R; Dantoft, TM; Dauchet, L; Davletov, K; De Backer, G; De Bacquer, D; De Curtis, A; de Gaetano, G; De Henauw, S; de Oliveira, PD; De Ridder, D; De Smedt, D; Deepa, M; Deev, AD; DeGennaro, V Jr; Delisle, H; Demarest, S; Dennison, E; Deschamps, V; Dhimal, M; Di Castelnuovo, AF; Dias-da-Costa, JS; Diaz, A; Dickerson, TT; Dika, Z; Djalalinia, S; Do, HTP; Dobson, AJ; Donfrancesco, C; Donoso, SP; Döring, A; Dorobantu, M; Dörr, M; Doua, K; Dragano, N; Drygas, W; Duante, CA; Duboz, P; Duda, RB; Dulskiene, V; Dushpanova, A; Dzakula, A; Dzerve, V; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E; Eddie, R; Eftekhar, E; Eggertsen, R; Eghtesad, S; Eiben, G; Ekelund, U; El-Khateeb, M; El Ati, J; Eldemire-Shearer, D; Eliasen, M; Elliott, P; Elosua, R; Erasmus, RT; Erbel, R; Erem, C; Eriksen, L; Eriksson, JG; Escobedo-de la Peña, J; Eslami, S; Esmaeili, A; Evans, A; Faeh, D; Fakhretdinova, AA; Fall, CH; Faramarzi, E; Farjam, M; Farzadfar, F; Fattahi, MR; Fawwad, A; Felix-Redondo, FJ; Felix, SB; Ferguson, TS; Fernandes, RA; Fernández-Bergés, D; Ferrante, D; Ferrao, T; Ferrari, M; Ferrario, MM; Ferreccio, C; Ferreira, HS; Ferrer, E; Ferrieres, J; Figueiró, TH; Fink, G; Fischer, K; Foo, LH; Forsner, M; Fouad, HM; Francis, DK; Franco, MD; Frikke-Schmidt, R; Frontera, G; Fuchs, FD; Fuchs, SC; Fujita, Y; Fumihiko, M; Furdela, V; Furer, A; Furusawa, T; Gaciong, Z; Galbarczyk, A; Galenkamp, H; Galvano, F; Gao, JL; Gao, P; Garcia-de-la-Hera, M; Garcia, P; Gareta, D; Garnett, SP; Gaspoz, JM; Gasull, M; Gazzinelli, A; Gehring, U; Geleijnse, JM; George, R; Ghanbari, A; Ghasemi, E; Gheorghe-Fronea, OF; Ghimire, A; Gialluisi, A; Giampaoli, S; Gieger, C; Gill, TK; Giovannelli, J; Gironella, G; Giwercman, A; Gkiouras, K; Goldberg, M; Goldsmith, RA; Gomez, LF; Gomula, A; da Silva, BGC; Gonçalves, H; Gonçalves, M; Gonzalez-Chica, DA; Gonzalez-Gross, M; González-Rivas, JP; González-Villalpando, C; González-Villalpando, ME; Gonzalez, AR; Gorbea, MB; Gottrand, F; Graff-Iversen, S; Grafnetter, D; Grajda, A; Grammatikopoulou, MG; Gregor, RD; Grodzicki, T; Grosso, G; Gruden, G; Gu, DF; Guan, OP; Gudmundsson, EF; Gudnason, V; Guerrero, R; Guessous, I; Guimaraes, AL; Gulliford, MC; Gunnlaugsdottir, J; Gunter, MJ; Gupta, PC; Gupta, R; Gureje, O; Gurzkowska, B; Gutierrez, L; Gutzwiller, F; Ha, S; Hadaegh, F; Haghshenas, R; Hakimi, H; Halkjaer, J; Hambleton, IR; Hamzeh, B; Hange, D; Hanif, AAM; Hantunen, S; Hao, J; Hardman, CM; Kumar, RH; Hashemi-Shahri, SM; Hata, J; Haugsgjerd, T; Hayes, AJ; He, J; He, YN; Heier, M; Hendriks, ME; Henrique, RD; Henriques, A; Cadena, LH; Herrala, S; Heshmat, R; Hill, AG; Ho, SY; Ho, SC; Hobbs, M; Holdsworth, M; Homayounfar, R; Dinc, GH; Horimoto, ARVR; Hormiga, CM; Horta, BL; Houti, L; Howitt, C; Htay, TT; Htet, AS; Htike, MMT; Hu, YH; Huerta, JM; Huhtaniemi, IT; Huiart, L; Huisman, M; Husseini, AS; Huybrechts, I; Hwalla, N; Iacoviello, L; Iannone, AG; Ibrahim, MM; Wong, NI; Ikeda, N; Ikram, MA; Iotova, V; Irazola, VE; Ishida, T; Isiguzo, GC; Islam, M; Islam, SMS; Iwasaki, M; Jackson, RT; Jacobs, JM; Jaddou, HY; Jafar, T; James, K; Jamrozik, K; Janszky, I; Janus, E; Jarvelin, MR; Jasienska, G; Jelakovic, A; Jelakovic, B; Jennings, G; Jha, AK; Jiang, CQ; Jimenez, RO; Jöckel, KH; Joffres, M; Johansson, M; Jokelainen, JJ; Jonas, JB; Jorgensen, T; Joshi, P; Joukar, F; Józwiak, J; Juolevi, A; Jurak, G; Juresa, V; Kaaks, R; Kafatos, A; Kajantie, EO; Kalmatayeva, Z; Kalpourtzi, N; Kalter-Leibovici, O; Kampmann, FB; Kannan, S; Karaglani, E; Karhus, LL; Karki, KB; Katibeh, M; Katz, J; Kauhanen, J; Kaur, P; Kavousi, M; Kazakbaeva, GM; Keil, U; Boker, LK; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S; Kelishadi, R; Kemper, HCG; Kengne, AP; Keramati, M; Kerimkulova, A; Kersting, M; Key, T; Khader, YS; Khalili, D; Khang, YH; Khaw, KT; Kheiri, B; Kheradmand, M; Khosravi, A; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U; Kiechl, S; Killewo, J; Kim, DW; Kim, HC; Kim, J; Klakk, H; Klimek, M; Klumbiene, J; Knoflach, M; Kolle, E; Kolsteren, P; Kontto, JP; Korpelainen, R; Korrovits, P; Kos, J; Koskinen, S; Kouda, K; Kowlessur, S; Koziel, S; Kratenova, J; Kriaucioniene, V; Kristensen, PL; Krokstad, S; Kromhout, D; Kruger, HS; Kubinova, R; Kuciene, R; Kujala, UM; Kulaga, Z; Kumar, RK; Kurjata, P; Kusuma, YS; Kutsenko, V; Kuulasmaa, K; Kyobutungi, C; Laatikainen, T; Lachat, C; Laid, Y; Lam, TH; Landrove, O; Lanska, V; Lappas, G; Larijani, B; Latt, TS; Laxmaiah, A; Le Coroller, G; Bao, KLN; Le, TD; Lee, J; Lee, J; Lehmann, N; Lehtimäki, T; Lemogoum, D; Levitt, NS; Li, YP; Lilly, CL; Lim, WY; Lima-Costa, MF; Lin, HH; Lin, X; Lin, YT; Lind, L; Lingam, V; Linneberg, A; Lissner, L; Litwin, M; Lo, WC; Loit, HM; Lopez-Garcia, E; Lopez, T; Lotufo, PA; Lozano, JE; Lovrencic, IL; Lukrafka, JL; Luksiene, D; Lundqvist, A; Lundqvist, R; Lunet, N; Lustigová, M; Luszczki, E; Ma, GS; Ma, J; Machado-Coelho, GLL; Machado-Rodrigues, AM; Macia, E; Macieira, LM; Madar, AA; Maggi, S; Magliano, DJ; Magriplis, E; Mahasampath, G; Maire, B; Majer, M; Makdisse, M; Malekzadeh, F; Malekzadeh, R; Malhotra, R; Mallikharjuna, K; Malyutina, SK; Maniego, LV; Manios, Y; Mann, JI; Mansour-Ghanaei, F; Manzato, E; Marcil, A; Margozzini, P; Märild, SB; Glavic, MM; Marques-Vidal, P; Marques, LP; Marrugat, J; Martorell, R; Mascarenhas, LP; Matasin, M; Mathiesen, EB; Mathur, P; Matijasevich, A; Matlosz, P; Matsha, TE; Mavrogianni, C; Mbanya, JCN; Posso, AJM; McFarlane, SR; McGarvey, ST; McLachlan, S; McLean, RM; McLean, SB; McNulty, BA; Benchekor, SM; Medzioniene, J; Mehdipour, P; Mehlig, K; Mehrparvar, AH; Meirhaeghe, A; Meisinger, C; Montano, CM; Menezes, AMB; Menon, GR; Mereke, A; Meshram, II; Metspalu, A; Meyer, HE; Mi, J; Michels, N; Mikkel, K; Milkowska, K; Miller, JC; Minderico, CS; Mini, GK; Miranda, JJ; Mirjalili, MR; Mirrakhimov, E; Misigoj-Durakovic, M; Modesti, PA; Moghaddam, SS; Mohajer, B; Mohamed, MK; Mohamed, SF; Mohammad, K; Mohammadi, MR; Mohammadi, Z; Mohammadifard, N; Mohammadpourhodki, R; Mohan, V; Mohanna, S; Yusoff, MFM; Mohebbi, I; Mohebi, F; Moitry, M; Mollehave, LT; Molnár, D; Momenan, A; Mondo, CK; Monterrubio-Flores, E; Monyeki, KDK; Moon, JS; Moosazadeh, M; Moreira, LB; Morejon, A; Moreno, LA; Morgan, K; Moschonis, G; Mossakowska, M; Mostafa, A; Mostafavi, SA; Mota, J; Motlagh, ME; Motta, J; Moura-dos-Santos, MA; Mridha, MK; Msyamboza, KP; Mu, TT; Muhihi, AJ; Muiesan, ML; Muller-Nurasyid, M; Murphy, N; Mursu, J; Musa, KI; Milanovic, SM; Musil, V; Mustafa, N; Nabipour, I; Naderimagham, S; Nagel, G; Naidu, BM; Najafi, F; Nakamura, H; Námesná, J; Nang, EEK; Nangia, VB; Narake, S; Ndiaye, NC; Neal, WA; Nejatizadeh, A; Nenko, I; Neovius, M; Neuhauser, HK; Nguyen, CT; Nguyen, ND; Nguyen, QV; Nguyen, QN; Nieto-Martinez, RE; Niiranen, TJ; Nikitin, YP; Ninomiya, T; Nishtar, S; Njelekela, MA; Noale, M; Noboa, OA; Noorbala, AA; Norat, T; Nordendahl, M; Nordestgaard, BG; Noto, D; Nowak-Szczepanska, N; Al Nsour, M; Nunes, B; O'Neill, TW; O'Reilly, D; Ochimana, C; Oda, E; Odili, AN; Oh, K; Ohara, K; Ohtsuka, R; Olié, V; Olinto, MTA; Oliveira, IO; Omar, MA; Onat, A; Ong, SK; Ono, LM; Ordunez, P; Ornelas, R; Ortiz, PJ; Osmond, C; Ostojic, SM; Ostovar, A; Otero, JA; Overvad, K; Owusu-Dabo, E; Paccaud, FM; Padez, C; Pahomova, E; de Paiva, KM; Pajak, A; Palli, D; Palmieri, L; Pan, WH; Panda-Jonas, S; Panza, F; Paoli, M; Papandreou, D; Park, SW; Park, S; Parnell, WR; Parsaeian, M; Pasquet, P; Patel, ND; Pavlyshyn, H; Pecin, I; Pednekar, MS; Pedro, JM; Peer, N; Peixoto, SV; Peltonen, M; Pereira, AC; Peres, KGDA; Peres, MA; Peters, A; Petkeviciene, J; Peykari, N; Pham, ST; Pichardo, RN; Pigeot, I; Pikhart, H; Pilav, A; Pilotto, L; Pitakaka, F; Piwonska, A; Pizarro, AN; Plans-Rubió, P; Polasek, O; Porta, M; Poudyal, A; Pourfarzi, F; Pourshams, A; Poustchi, H; Pradeepa, R; Price, AJ; Price, JF; Providencia, R; Puhakka, SE; Puiu, M; Punab, M; Qasrawi, RF; Qorbani, M; Queiroz, D; Bao, TQ; Radic, I; Radisauskas, R; Rahimikazerooni, S; Rahman, M; Raitakari, O; Raj, M; Rakhimova, EM; Rao, SR; Ramachandran, A; Ramos, E; Rampal, L; Rampal, S; Reina, DAR; Rarra, V; Rech, CR; Redon, J; Reganit, PFM; Regecová, V; Revilla, L; Rezaianzadeh, A; Ribeiro, R; Riboli, E; Richter, A; Rigo, F; de Wit, TFR; Ritti-Dias, RM; Robitaille, C; Rodríguez-Artalejo, F; Rodriguez-Perez, MD; Rodríguez-Villamizar, LA; Roggenbuck, U; Rojas-Martinez, R; Romaguera, D; Romeo, EL; Rosengren, A; Roy, JGR; Rubinstein, A; Ruidavets, JB; Ruiz-Betancourt, BS; Ruiz-Castell, M; Rusakova, IA; Russo, P; Rutkowski, M; Sabanayagam, C; Sabbaghi, H; Sachdev, HS; Sadjadi, A; Safarpour, AR; Safi, S; Safiri, S; Saidi, O; Sakarya, S; Saki, N; Salanave, B; Martinez, ES; Salmerón, D; Salomaa, V; Salonen, JT; Salvetti, M; Sánchez-Abanto, J; Sans, S; Santos, DA; Santos, IS; Santos, LC; Santos, MP; Santos, R; Saramies, JL; Sardinha, LB; Sarganas, G; Sarrafzadegan, N; Sathish, T; Saum, KU; Savva, S; Sawada, N; Sbaraini, M; Scazufca, M; Schaan, BD; Schargrodsky, H; Schipf, S; Schmidt, CO; Schnohr, P; Schöttker, B; Schramm, S; Schultsz, C; Schutte, AE; Sebert, S; Sein, AA; Sen, A; Senbanjo, IO; Sepanlou, SG; Servais, J; Shalnova, SA; Shamah-Levy, T; Shamshirgaran, M; Shanthirani, CS; Sharafkhah, M; Sharma, SK; Shaw, JE; Shayanrad, A; Shayesteh, AA; Shi, ZM; Shibuya, K; Shimizu-Furusawa, H; Shin, DW; Shirani, M; Shiri, R; Shrestha, N; Si-Ramlee, K; Siani, A; Siantar, R; Sibai, AM; Silva, CRD; Silva, DAS; Simon, M; Simons, J; Simons, LA; Sjöström, M; Slowikowska-Hilczer, J; Slusarczyk, P; Smeeth, L; So, HK; Soares, FC; Sobngwi, E; Söderberg, S; Soemantri, A; Sofat, R; Solfrizzi, V; Somi, MH; Sonestedt, E; Song, Y; Sorensen, TIA; Sorgjerd, EP; Soric, M; Jérome, CS; Soumaré, A; Sparboe-Nilsen, B; Sparrenberger, K; Staessen, JA; Starc, G; Stavreski, B; Steene-Johannessen, J; Stehle, P; Stein, AD; Stergiou, GS; Stessman, J; Stieber, J; Stöckl, D; Stocks, T; Stokwiszewski, J; Stronks, K; Strufaldi, MW; Suka, M; Sun, CA; Sundström, J; Sung, YT; Suriyawongpaisal, P; Sy, RG; Syddall, HE; Sylva, RC; Szklo, M; Tai, ES; Tammesoo, ML; Tamosiunas, A; Tan, EJ; Tang, X; Tanser, F; Tao, Y; Tarawneh, MR; Tarqui-Mamani, CB; Taylor, A; Taylor, J; Tebar, WR; Tell, GS; Tello, T; Tham, YC; Thankappan, KR; Theobald, H; Theodoridis, X; Thijs, L; Thinggaard, M; Thomas, N; Thorand, B; Thuesen, BH; Timmermans, EJ; Tjandrarini, DH; Tjonneland, A; Toft, U; Tolonen, HK; Tolstrup, JS; Topbas, M; Topór-Madry, R; Tormo, MJ; Tornaritis, MJ; Torrent, M; Torres-Collado, L; Touloumi, G; Traissac, P; Triantafyllou, A; Trichopoulos, D; Trichopoulou, A; Trinh, OTH; Trivedi, A; Tshepo, L; Tsugane, S; Tuliakova, AM; Tulloch-Reid, MK; Tullu, F; Tuomainen, TP; Tuomilehto, J; Turley, ML; Twig, G; Tynelius, P; Tzourio, C; Ueda, P; Ugel, E; Ulmer, H; Uusitalo, HMT; Valdivia, G; Valvi, D; van Dam, RM; van den Born, BJ; Van der Heyden, J; van der Schouw, YT; Van Herck, K; Minh, HV; Van Schoor, NM; van Valkengoed, IGM; van Zutphen, EM; Vanderschueren, D; Vanuzzo, D; Varbo, A; Vasan, SK; Vega, T; Veidebaum, T; Velasquez-Melendez, G; Veronesi, G; Verschuren, WMM; Verstraeten, R; Victora, CG; Viet, L; Villalpando, S; Vineis, P; Vioque, J; Virtanen, JK; Visvikis-Siest, S; Viswanathan, B; Vlasoff, T; Vollenweider, P; Voutilainen, A; Wade, AN; Walton, J; Wambiya, EOA; Bebakar, WMW; Mohamud, WNW; Wanderley, RD Jr; Wang, MD; Wang, NL; Wang, Q; Wang, XJ; Wang, YX; Wang, YW; Wannamethee, SG; Wareham, N; Wei, WB; Weres, A; Werner, B; Whincup, PH; Widhalm, K; Widyahening, IS; Wiecek, A; Wilks, RJ; Willeit, J; Willeit, P; Williams, EA; Wilsgaard, T; Wojtyniak, B; Wong-McClure, RA; Wong, A; Wong, TY; Woo, J; Woodward, M; Wu, FC; Wu, SL; Wyszynska, J; Xu, HQ; Xu, L; Yaacob, NA; Yan, WL; Yang, L; Yang, XG; Yang, Y; Yasuharu, T; Ye, XW; Yiallouros, PK; Yoosefi, M; Yoshihara, A; You, SL; Younger-Coleman, NO; Yusoff, AF; Zainuddin, AA; Zakavi, SR; Zamani, F; Zambon, S; Zampelas, A; Zapata, ME; Zaw, KK; Zdrojewski, T; Zejglicova, K; Vrkic, TZ; Zeng, Y; Zhang, LX; Zhang, ZY; Zhao, D; Zhao, MH; Zhen, SQ; Zheng, YF; Zholdin, B; Zhu, D; Zins, M; Zitt, E; Zocalo, Y; Zoghlami, N; Cisneros, JZBackground Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier.Item Validation of the OAKS prognostic model for acute kidney injury after gastrointestinal surgery(OXFORD UNIV PRESS) #VALUE!Background Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of major gastrointestinal surgery with an impact on short- and long-term survival. No validated system for risk stratification exists for this patient group. This study aimed to validate externally a prognostic model for AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery in two multicentre cohort studies. Methods The Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery (OAKS) prognostic model was developed to predict risk of AKI in the 7 days after surgery using six routine datapoints (age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker). Validation was performed within two independent cohorts: a prospective multicentre, international study ('IMAGINE') of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery (2018); and a retrospective regional cohort study ('Tayside') in major abdominal surgery (2011-2015). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict risk of AKI, with multiple imputation used to account for data missing at random. Prognostic accuracy was assessed for patients at high risk (greater than 20 per cent) of postoperative AKI. Results In the validation cohorts, 12.9 per cent of patients (661 of 5106) in IMAGINE and 14.7 per cent (106 of 719 patients) in Tayside developed 7-day postoperative AKI. Using the OAKS model, 558 patients (9.6 per cent) were classified as high risk. Less than 10 per cent of patients classified as low-risk developed AKI in either cohort (negative predictive value greater than 0.9). Upon external validation, the OAKS model retained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of range 0.655-0.681 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.596 to 0.714; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.659 to 0.703), sensitivity values range 0.323-0.352 (IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.281 to 0.368; Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.253 to 0.461), and specificity range 0.881-0.890 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.853 to 0.905; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.881 to 0.899). Conclusion The OAKS prognostic model can identify patients who are not at high risk of postoperative AKI after gastrointestinal surgery with high specificity. Presented to Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) International Conference 2018 (Edinburgh, UK), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) International Conference 2018 (Nice, France), SARS (Society of Academic and Research Surgery) 2020 (Virtual, UK).Item Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants(OXFORD UNIV PRESS) Zhou, B; Bentham, J; Di Cesare, M; Bixby, H; Danaei, G; Hajifathalian, K; Taddei, C; Carrillo-Larco, RM; Djalalinia, S; Khatibzadeh, S; Lugero, C; Peykari, N; Zhang, WZ; Bennett, J; Bilano, V; Stevens, GA; Cowan, MJ; Riley, LM; Chen, ZM; Hambleton, IR; Jackson, RT; Kengne, AP; Khang, YH; Laxmaiah, A; Liu, J; Malekzadeh, R; Neuhauser, HK; Soric, M; Starc, G; Sundström, J; Woodward, M; Ezzati, M; Abarca-Gómez, L; Abdeen, ZA; Abu-Rmeileh, NM; Acosta-Cazares, B; Adams, RJ; Aekplakorn, W; Afsana, K; 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Tjonneland, A; Tolonen, HK; Tolstrup, JS; Topbas, M; Topór-Madry, R; Tormo, MJ; Torrent, M; Traissac, P; Trichopoulos, D; Trichopoulou, A; Trinh, OTH; Trivedi, A; Tshepo, L; Tulloch-Reid, MK; Tullu, F; Tuomainen, TP; Tuomilehto, J; Turley, ML; Tynelius, P; Tzourio, C; Ueda, P; Ugel, EE; Ulmer, H; Uusitalo, HMT; Valdivia, G; Valvi, D; van der Schouw, YT; Van Herck, K; Minh, HV; van Rossem, L; Van Schoor, NM; van Valkengoed, IGM; Vanderschueren, D; Vanuzzo, D; Vatten, L; Vega, T; Velasquez-Melendez, G; Veronesi, G; Verschuren, WMM; Verstraeten, R; Victora, CG; Viet, L; Viikari-Juntura, E; Vineis, P; Vioque, J; Virtanen, JK; Visvikis-Siest, S; Viswanathan, B; Vlasoff, T; Vollenweider, P; Voutilainen, S; Wade, AN; Wagner, A; Walton, J; Bebakar, WMW; Mohamud, WNW; Wanderley, RS; Wang, MD; Wang, Q; Wang, YX; Wang, YW; Wannamethee, SG; Wareham, N; Wedderkopp, N; Weerasekera, D; Whincup, PH; Widhalm, K; Widyahening, IS; Wiecek, A; Wijga, AH; Wilks, RJ; Willeit, J; Willeit, P; Williams, EA; Wilsgaard, T; Wojtyniak, B; Wong-McClure, RA; Wong, JYY; Wong, TY; Woo, J; Woodward, M; Wu, AG; Wu, FC; Wu, SL; Xu, HQ; Yan, WL; Yang, XG; Ye, XW; Yiallouros, PK; Yoshihara, A; Younger-Coleman, NO; Yusoff, AF; Zainuddin, AA; Zambon, S; Zampelas, A; Zdrojewski, T; Zeng, Y; Zhao, D; Zhao, WH; Zheng, W; Zheng, YF; Zhu, D; Zhussupov, B; Zimmermann, E; Cisneros, JZBackground: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group-and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups.Item Adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis using mobile technology. 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Angles, R; Annesi-Maesano, I; Ansotegui, IJ; Anto, JM; Arnavielle, S; Asayag, E; Asarnoj, A; Arshad, H; Avolio, F; Bacci, E; Bachert, C; Baiar-Dini, I; Barbara, C; Barbagallo, M; Baroni, I; Barreto, BA; Basagana, X; Bateman, ED; Bedolla-Barajas, M; Bedbrook, A; Bewick, M; Beghé, B; Bel, EH; Bergmann, KC; Bennoor, KS; Benson, M; Bertorello, L; Bialoszewski, AZ; Bieber, T; Bialek, S; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bjermer, L; Blain, H; Blasi, F; Blua, A; Marciniak, MB; Bogus-Buczynska, I; Boner, AL; Bonini, M; Bonini, S; Bosnic-Anticevich, CS; Bosse, I; Bouchard, J; Boulet, LP; Bourret, R; Bousquet, P; Braido, F; Briedis, V; Brightling, CE; Brozek, J; Bucca, C; Buhl, R; Buonaiuto, R; Panaitescu, C; Cabanas, MTB; Burte, E; Bush, A; Caballero-Fonseca, F; Caillaud, D; Caimmi, D; Calderon, MA; Camargos, PAM; Camuzat, T; Canfora, G; Canonica, GW; Cardona, V; Carlsen, KH; Carreiro-Martins, P; Carriazo, AM; Carr, W; Cartier, C; Casale, T; Castellano, G; Cecchi, L; Cepeda, AM; Chavannes, NH; Chen, Y; Chiron, R; Chivato, T; Chkhartishvili, E; Chuchalin, AG; Chung, KF; Ciaravolo, MM; Ciceran, A; Cingi, C; Ciprandi, G; Coehlo, ACC; Colas, L; Colgan, E; Coll, J; Conforti, D; De Sousa, JC; Cortés-Grimaldo, RM; Corti, F; Costa, E; Mc Costa-Dominguez; Al Courbis; Cox, L; Crescenzo, M; Cruz, AA; Custovic, A; Czarlewski, W; Dahlen, SE; D'Amato; Dario, C; da Silva, J; Dauvilliers, Y; Darsow, U; De Blay, F; De Carlo, G; Dedeu, T; Emerson, MDF; De Feo, G; De Vries, G; De Martino, B; Rubina, NPM; Deleanu, D; Demoly, P; Denburg, J; Devillier, P; Ercolano, SDC; Di Carluccio, N; Didier, A; Dokic, D; Dominguez-Silva, MG; Douagui, H; Dray, G; Dubakiene, R; Durham, SR; Du Toit, G; Dykewicz, MS; El-Gamal, Y; Eklund, P; Eller, E; Emuzyte, R; Farrell, J; Farsi, A; De Mello, JF; Ferrero, J; Fink-Wagner, A; Fiocchi, A; Fok-Kens, WJ; Fonseca, J; Fontaine, JF; Forti, S; Fuentes-Perez, JM; Gálvez-Romero, JL; Gamkrelidze, A; Garcia-Aymerich, J; Garcia-Cobas, CY; Garcia-Cruz, MH; Gemicioglu, B; Genova, S; Christoff, G; Gereda, JE; Van Wijk, RG; Gomez, RM; Gómez-Vera, J; Diaz, SG; Gotua, M; Grisle, I; Guidacci, M; Guldemond, N; Gutter, Z; Guzmán, M; Haahtela, T; Hajjam, J; Hernández, L; Houri-Hane, J; Huerta-Villalobos, YR; Humbert, M; Iaccarino, G; Illario, M; Ispayeva, Z; Ivancevich, JC; Jares, E; Jassem, E; Johnston, SL; Joos, G; Jung, KS; Just, J; Jutel, M; Kaidashev, I; Kalayci, O; Kalyoncu, AF; Karjalainen, J; Kardas, P; Keil, T; Keith, PK; Khaitov, M; Khaltaev, N; Kleine-Tebbe, J; Klimek, L; Kowalski, ML; Kuitunen, M; Kull, I; Kuna, P; Kupczyk, M; Kvedariene, V; Krzych-Falta, E; Lacwik, P; Larenas-Linnemann, D; Laune, D; Lauri, D; Lavrut, J; L, TT; Lessa, M; Levato, G; Li, J; Lieberman, P; Liplec, A; Lipworth, B; Carlsen, KCL; Louis, R; Lourenco, O; Luna-Pech, JA; Magnan, A; Mahboub, B; Maier, D; Mair, A; Majer, I; Malva, J; Mandajieva, E; Manning, P; Keenoy, EDM; Marshall, GD; Masjedi, MR; Maspero, JF; Mathieu-Dupas, E; Campos, JJM; Al Matos; Maurer, M; Mavale-Manuel, S; Mayora, O; Medina-Avalos, MA; Melén, E; Melo-Gomes, E; Meltzer, E; Menditto, E; Mercier, J; Miculinic, N; Mihaltan, F; Milenkovic, B; Moda, G; Mogica-Martinez, MD; Mohammad, Y; Momas, I; Monte-Fort, S; Monti, R; Bogado, DM; Morais-Almeida, M; Morato-Castro; Mösges, R; Mota-Pinto, A; Santo, PM; Mullol, J; Münter, L; Muraro, A; Murray, R; Naclerio, R; Nadif, R; Nalin, M; Napoli, L; Namazova-Baranova, L; Neffen, H; Niedeberger, V; Nekam, K; Neou, A; Nieto, A; Nogueira-Silva, L; Nogues, M; Novellino, E; Nyembue, T; O'Hehir, R; Odzhakova, C; Ohta, K; Okamoto, Y; Okubo, K; Onorato, GL; Cisneros, MO; Ouedraogo, S; Pali-Schöll, I; Palkonen, S; Panzner, P; Papadopoulos, NG; Park, HS; Papi, A; Passalacqua, G; Paulino, E; Pawankar, R; Pedersen, S; Pépin, JL; Pereira, AM; Persico, M; Pfaar, O; Phillips, J; Picard, R; Pigearias, B; Pin, I; Pitsios, C; Plavec, D; Pohl, W; Popov, TA; Portejoie, F; Potter, P; Pozzi, AC; Price, D; Prokopakis, EP; Puy, R; Pugin, B; Ross, REP; Przemecka, M; Rabe, KF; Raciborski, F; Raja-Bian-Soderlund, R; Reitsma, S; Ribeirinho, I; Rimmer, J; Riv-Ero-Yeverino, D; Rizzo, JA; Rizzo, MC; Robalo-Cordeiro, C; Rodenas, F; Rodo, X; Gonzalez, MR; Rodriguez-Mañas, L; Rolland, C; Valle, SR; Rodriguez, MR; Romano, A; Rodriguez-Zagal, E; Rolla, G; Roller-Wirnsberger, RE; Romano, M; Rosado-Pinto, J; Rosario, N; Rottem, M; Ryan, D; Sagara, H; Salimäki, J; Samolinski, B; Sanchez-Borges, M; Sastre-Dominguez, J; Scadding, GK; Schunemann, HJ; Scichilone, N; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Serpa, FS; Shamai, S; Sheikh, A; Sierra, M; Simons, FER; Sir-Oux, V; Sisul, JC; Skrindo, I; Solé, D; Somekh, D; Sonder-Mann, M; Sooronbaev, T; Sova, M; Sorensen, M; Sorlini, M; Spranger, O; Stellato, C; Stelmach, R; Stukas, R; Sunyer, J; Strozek, J; Szylling, A; Tebyricá, J; Thibaudon, M; To, T; Todo-Bom, A; Tomazic, PV; Toppila-Salmi, S; Trama, U; Triggiani, M; Ulrik, CS; Urrutia-Pereira, M; Valenta, R; Valero, A; Valiulis, A; Valovirta, E; Van Eerd, M; Van Ganse, E; Van Hague, M; Vandenplas, O; Ventura, MT; Vezzani, G; Vasankari, T; Vatrella, A; Verissimo, MT; Viart, F; Viegi, G; Vicheva, D; Vontetsianos, T; Wagenmann, M; Walker, S; Wallace, D; Wang, DY; Waserman, S; Werfel, T; Westman, M; Wickman, M; Williams, DM; Williams, S; Wilson, N; Wright, J; Wroczynski, P; Yakovliev, P; Yawn, BP; Yiallouros, PK; Yorgancioglu, A; Yusuf, OM; Zar, HJ; Zhang, L; Zhong, N; Zernotti, ME; Zhanat, I; Zidarn, M; Zuberbier, T; Zubrinich, C; Zurkuhlen, ABackground: Mobile technology may help to better understand the adherence to treatment. MASK-rhinitis (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis) is a patient-centred ICT system. A mobile phone app (the Allergy Diary) central to MASK is available in 22 countries. Objectives: To assess the adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis patients using the Allergy Diary App. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on all users who filled in the Allergy Diary from 1 January 2016 to 1 August 2017. Secondary adherence was assessed by using the modified Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) and the Proportion of days covered (PDC) approach. Results: A total of 12143 users were registered. A total of 6949 users reported at least one VAS data recording. Among them, 1887 users reported >= 7 VAS data. About 1195 subjects were included in the analysis of adherence. One hundred and thirty-six (11.28%) users were adherent (MPR >= 70% and PDC <= 1.25), 51 (4.23%) were partly adherent (MPR >= 70% and PDC = 1.50) and 176 (14.60%) were switchers. On the other hand, 832 (69.05%) users were non-adherent to medications (MPR <70%). Of those, the largest group was non-adherent to medications and the time interval was increased in 442 (36.68%) users. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Adherence to treatment is low. The relative efficacy of continuous vs on-demand treatment for allergic rhinitis symptoms is still a matter of debate. This study shows an approach for measuring retrospective adherence based on a mobile app. This also represents a novel approach for analysing medication-taking behaviour in a real-world setting.Item Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Phase 4 (2018): Change management in allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using mobile technology(MOSBY-ELSEVIER) Bousquet, J; Hellings, PW; Agache, I; Amat, F; Annesi-Maesano, I; Ansotegui, IJ; Anto, JM; Bachert, C; Bateman, ED; Bedbrook, A; Bennoor, K; Bewick, M; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bosnic-Anticevich, S; Bosse, I; Brozek, J; Brussino, L; Canonica, GW; Cardona, V; Casale, T; Sarabia, AMC; Chavannes, NH; Cecchi, L; de Sousa, JC; Costa, E; Cruz, AA; Czarlewski, W; De Carlo, G; De Feo, G; Demoly, P; Devillier, P; Dykewicz, MS; El-Gamal, Y; Eller, EE; Fonseca, JA; Fontaine, JF; Fokkens, WJ; Guzmán, MA; Haahtela, T; Illario, M; Ivancevich, JC; Just, J; Kaidashev, I; Khaitov, M; Kalayci, O; Keil, T; Klimek, L; Kowalski, ML; Kuna, P; Kvedariene, V; Larenas-Linnemann, D; Laune, D; Le, LTT; Carlsen, KL; Lourenço, O; Mahboub, B; Mair, A; Menditto, E; Milenkovic, B; Morais-Almeida, M; Mösges, R; Mullol, J; Murray, R; Naclerio, R; Namazova-Baranova, L; Novellino, E; O'Hehir, RE; Ohta, K; Okamoto, Y; Okubo, K; Onorato, GL; Palkonen, S; Panzner, P; Papadopoulos, NG; Park, HS; Paulino, E; Pawankar, R; Pfaar, O; Plavec, D; Popov, TA; Potter, P; Prokopakis, EP; Rottem, M; Ryan, D; Salimaki, J; Samolinski, B; Sanchez-Borges, M; Schunemann, HJ; Sheikh, A; Sisul, JC; Rajabian-Söderlund, R; Sooronbaev, T; Stellato, C; To, T; Todo-Bom, AM; Tomazic, PV; Toppila-Salmi, S; Valero, A; Valiulis, A; Valovirta, E; Ventura, MT; Wagenmann, M; Wang, DY; Wallace, D; Waserman, S; Wickman, M; Yorgancioglu, A; Zhang, L; Zhong, N; Zidarn, M; Zuberbier, T; Bousquet, J; Hellings, PW; Aberer, W; Agache, I; Akdis, CA; Akdis, M; Alberti, MR; Almeida, R; Amat, F; Angles, R; Annesi-Maesano, I; Ansotegui, IJ; Anto, JM; Arnavielle, S; Asayag, E; Asarnoj, A; Arshad, H; Avolio, F; Bacci, E; Bachert, C; Baiardini, I; Barbara, C; Barbagallo, M; Baroni, I; Barreto, BA; Basagana, X; Bateman, ED; Bedolla-Barajas, M; Bedbrook, A; Bewick, M; Beghé, B; Bel, EH; Bergmann, KC; Bennoor, KS; Benson, M; Bertorello, L; Biaoszewski, AZ; Bieber, T; Bialek, S; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bjermer, L; Blain, H; Blasi, F; Blua, A; Marciniak, MB; Bogus-Buczynska, I; Boner, AL; Bonini, M; Bonini, S; Bosnic-Anticevich, CS; Bosse, I; Bouchard, J; Boulet, LP; Bourret, R; Bousquet, PJ; Braido, F; Briedis, V; Brightling, CE; Brozek, J; Bucca, C; Buhl, R; Buonaiuto, R; Panaitescu, C; Cabañas, MTB; Burte, E; Bush, A; Caballero-Fonseca, F; Caillot, D; Caimmi, D; Calderon, MA; Camargos, PAM; Camuzat, T; Canfora, G; Canonica, GW; Cardona, V; Carlsen, KH; Carreiro-Martins, P; Carriazo, AM; Carr, W; Cartier, C; Casale, T; Castellano, G; Cecchi, L; Sarabia, AMC; Chavannes, NH; Chen, Y; Chiron, R; Chivato, T; Chkhartishvili, E; Chuchalin, AG; Chung, KF; Ciaravolo, MM; Ciceran, A; Cingi, C; Ciprandi, G; Coehlo, ACC; Colas, L; Colgan, E; Coll, J; Conforti, D; de Sousa, JC; Cortés-Grimaldo, RM; Corti, F; Costa, E; Costa-Dominguez, C; Courbis, AL; Cox, L; Crescenzo, M; Cruz, AA; Custovic, A; Czarlewski, W; Dahlen, SE; Dario, C; da Silva, J; Dauvilliers, Y; Darsow, U; De Blay, F; De Carlo, G; Dedeu, T; Emerson, MD; De Feo, G; De Vries, G; De Martino, B; Rubini, NDM; Deleanu, D; Demoly, P; Denburg, JA; Devillier, P; Ercolano, SDC; Di Carluccio, N; Didier, A; Dokic, D; Dominguez-Silva, MG; Douagui, H; Dray, G; Dubakiene, R; Durham, SR; Du Toit, G; Dykewicz, MS; El-Gamal, Y; Eklund, P; Eller, E; Emuzyte, R; Farrell, J; Farsi, A; de Mello, JF; Ferrero, J; Fink-Wagner, A; Fiocchi, A; Fokkens, WJ; Fonseca, JA; Fontaine, JF; Forti, S; Fuentes-Perez, JM; Gálvez-Romero, JL; Gamkrelidze, A; Garcia-Aymerich, J; García-Cobas, CY; Garcia-Cruz, MH; Gemicioglu, B; Genova, S; Christoff, G; Gereda, JE; van Wijk, RG; Gomez, RM; Gómez-Vera, J; Diaz, SG; Gotua, M; Grisle, I; Guidacci, M; Guldemond, NA; Gutter, Z; Guzmán, MA; Haahtela, T; Hajjam, J; Hernandez, L; Hourihane, JO; Huerta-Villalobos, YR; Humbert, M; Iaccarino, G; Illario, M; Ivancevich, JC; Jares, EJ; Jassem, E; Johnston, SL; Joos, G; Jung, KS; Jutel, M; Kaidashev, I; Kalayci, O; Kalyoncu, AF; Karjalainen, J; Kardas, P; Keil, T; Keith, PK; Khaitov, M; Khaltaev, N; Kleine-Tebbe, J; Klimek, L; Kowalski, ML; Kuitunen, M; Kull, I; Kuna, P; Kupczyk, M; Kvedariene, V; Krzych-Fata, E; Lacwik, P; Larenas-Linnemann, D; Laune, D; Lauri, D; Lavrut, J; Le, LTT; Lessa, M; Levato, G; Li, J; Lieberman, P; Lipiec, A; Lipworth, B; Carlsen, KCL; Louis, R; Lourenço, O; Luna-Pech, JA; Maciej, K; Magnan, A; Mahboub, B; Maier, D; Mair, A; Majer, I; Malva, J; Mandajieva, E; Manning, P; Keenoy, EDM; Marshall, GD; Masjedi, MR; Maspero, JF; Mathieu-Dupas, E; Campos, JJM; Matos, AL; Maurer, M; Mavale-Manuel, S; Mayora, O; Medina-Avalos, MA; Melén, E; Melo-Gomes, E; Meltzer, EO; Menditto, E; Mercier, J; Miculinic, N; Mihaltan, F; Milenkovic, B; Moda, G; Mogica-Martinez, MD; Mohammad, Y; Momas, I; Montefort, S; Monti, R; Bogado, DM; Morais-Almeida, M; Morato-Castro, FF; Mösges, RM; Mota-Pinto, A; Santo, PM; Mullol, J; Münter, L; Muraro, A; Murray, R; Naclerio, R; Nadif, R; Nalin, M; Napoli, L; Namazova-Baranova, L; Neffen, H; Niedeberger, V; Nekam, K; Neou, A; Nieto, A; Nogueira-Silva, L; Nogues, M; Novellino, E; Nyembue, TD; O'Hehir, RE; Odzhakova, C; Ohta, K; Okamoto, Y; Okubo, K; Onorato, GL; Cisneros, MO; Ouedraogo, S; Pali-Schöll, I; Palkonen, S; Panzner, P; Papadopoulos, NG; Park, HS; Papi, A; Passalacqua, G; Paulino, E; Pawankar, R; Pedersen, S; Pépin, JL; Pereira, AM; Persico, M; Pfaar, O; Phillips, J; Picard, R; Pigearias, B; Pin, I; Pitsios, C; Plavec, D; Pohl, W; Popov, TA; Portejoie, F; Potter, P; Pozzi, AC; Price, D; Prokopakis, EP; Puy, R; Pugin, B; Ross, REP; Przemecka, M; Rabe, KF; Raciborski, F; Rajabian-Soderlund, R; Reitsma, S; Ribeirinho, I; Rimmer, J; Rivero-Yeverino, D; Rizzo, JA; Rizzo, MC; Robalo-Cordeiro, C; Rodenas, F; Rodo, X; Gonzalez, MR; Rodriguez-Mañas, L; Rolland, C; Valle, SR; Rodriguez, MR; Romano, A; Rodriguez-Zagal, E; Rolla, G; Roller-Wirnsberger, RE; Romano, M; Rosado-Pinto, J; Rosario, N; Rottem, M; Ryan, D; Sagara, H; Salimäki, J; Samolinski, B; Sanchez-Borges, M; Sastre-Dominguez, J; Scadding, GK; Schunemann, HJ; Scichilone, N; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Serpa, FS; Shamai, S; Sheikh, A; Sierra, M; Simons, FER; Siroux, V; Sisul, JC; Skrindo, I; Solé, D; Somekh, D; Sondermann, M; Sooronbaev, T; Sova, M; Sorensen, M; Sorlini, M; Spranger, O; Stellato, C; Stelmach, R; Stukas, R; Sunyer, J; Strozek, J; Szylling, A; Tebyriçá, JN; Thibaudon, M; To, T; Todo-Bom, A; Tomazic, PV; Toppila-Salmi, S; Trama, U; Triggiani, M; Ulrik, CS; Urrutia-Pereira, M; Valenta, R; Valero, A; Valiulis, A; Valovirta, E; van Eerd, M; van Ganse, E; van Hague, M; Vandenplas, O; Ventura, MT; Vezzani, G; Vasankari, T; Vatrella, A; Verissimo, MT; Viart, F; Viegi, M; Vicheva, D; Vontetsianos, T; Wagenmann, M; Walker, S; Wallace, D; Wang, DY; Waserman, S; Werfel, T; Westman, M; Wickman, M; Williams, DM; Williams, S; Wilson, N; Wright, J; Wroczynski, P; Yakovliev, P; Yawn, BP; Yiallouros, PK; Yorgancioglu, A; Yusuf, OM; Zar, HJ; Zhang, L; Zhong, N; Zernotti, ME; Zidarn, M; Zuberbier, T; Zubrinich, C; Zurkuhlen, AAllergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline by using the best approach to integrated care pathways using mobile technology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease. ARIA has followed the 8-step model of Kotter to assess and implement the effect of rhinitis on asthma multimorbidity and to propose multimorbid guidelines. A second change management strategy is proposed by ARIA Phase 4 to increase self-medication and shared decision making in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. An innovation of ARIA has been the development and validation of information technology evidence-based tools (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network [MASK]) that can inform patient decisions on the basis of a self-care plan proposed by the health care professional.Item Guidance to 2018 good practice: ARIA digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care for rhinitis and asthma(WILEY) Bousquet, J; Bedbrook, A; Czarlewski, W; Onorato, GL; Arnavielhe, S; Laune, D; Mathieu-Dupas, E; Fonseca, J; Costa, E; Lourenço, O; Morais-Almeida, M; Todo-Bom, A; Illario, M; Menditto, E; Canonica, GW; Cecchi, L; Monti, R; Napoli, L; Ventura, MT; De Feo, G; Fokkens, WJ; Chavannes, NH; Reitsma, S; Cruz, AA; da Silva, J; Serpa, FS; Larenas-Linnemann, D; Perez, JMF; Huerta-Villalobos, YR; Rivero-Yeverino, D; Rodriguez-Zagal, E; Valiulis, A; Dubakiene, R; Emuzyte, R; Kvedariene, V; Annesi-Maesano, I; Blain, H; Bonniaud, P; Bosse, I; Dauvilliers, Y; Devillier, P; Fontaine, JF; Pepin, JL; Pham-Thi, N; Portejoie, F; Picard, R; Roche, N; Rolland, C; Schmidt-Grendelmeier, P; Kuna, P; Samolinski, B; Anto, JM; Cardona, V; Mullol, J; Pinnock, H; Ryan, D; Sheikh, A; Walker, S; Williams, S; Becker, S; Klimek, L; Pfaar, O; Bergmann, KC; Mösges, R; Zuberbier, T; Roller-Wirnsberger, RE; Tomazic, PV; Haahtela, T; Salimäki, J; Toppila-Salmi, S; Valovirta, E; Vasankari, T; Gemicioglu, B; Yorgancioglu, A; Papadopoulos, NG; Prokopakis, EP; Tsiligianni, IG; Bosnic-Anticevich, S; O'Hehir, R; Ivancevich, JC; Neffen, H; Zernotti, ME; Kull, I; Melén, E; Wickman, M; Bachert, C; Hellings, PW; Brusselle, G; Palkonen, S; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Eller, E; Waserman, S; Boulet, LP; Bouchard, J; Chu, DK; Schünemann, HJ; Sova, M; De Vries, G; van Eerd, M; Agache, I; Ansotegui, IJ; Bewick, M; Casale, T; Dykewick, M; Ebisawa, M; Murray, R; Naclerio, R; Okamoto, Y; Wallace, DV; Hellings, PW; Aberer, W; Agache, I; Akdis, CA; Akdis, M; Aliberti, MR; Almeida, R; Amat, F; Angles, R; Annesi-Maesano, I; Ansotegui, IJ; Anto, JM; Arnavielle, S; Asayag, E; Asarnoj, A; Arshad, H; Avolio, F; Bacci, E; Bachert, C; Baiardini, I; Barbara, C; Barbagallo, M; Baroni, I; Barreto, BA; Basagana, X; Bateman, ED; Bedolla-Barajas, M; Bedbrook, A; Bewick, M; Beghé, B; Bel, EH; Bergmann, KC; Bennoor, KS; Benson, M; Bertorello, L; Bialoszewski, AZ; Bieber, T; Bialek, S; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bjermer, L; Blain, H; Blasi, F; Blua, A; Marciniak, MB; Bogus-Buczynska, I; Boner, AL; Bonini, M; Bonini, S; Bosnic-Anticevich, CS; Bosse, I; Bouchard, J; Boulet, LP; Bourret, R; Bousquet, PJ; Braido, F; Briedis, V; Brightling, CE; Brozek, J; Bucca, C; Buhl, R; Buonaiuto, R; Panaitescu, C; Cabañas, MTB; Burte, E; Bush, A; Caballero-Fonseca, F; Caillaud, D; Caimmi, D; Calderon, MA; Camargos, PAM; Camuzat, T; Canfora, G; Canonica, GW; Cardona, V; Carlsen, KH; Carreiro-Martins, P; Carriazo, AM; Carr, W; Cartier, C; Casale, T; Castellano, G; Cecchi, L; Cepeda, AM; Chavannes, NH; Chen, Y; Chiron, R; Chivato, T; Chkhartishvili, E; Chuchalin, AG; Chung, KF; Ciaravolo, MM; 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Miculinic, N; Mihaltan, F; Milenkovic, B; Moda, G; Mogica-Martinez, MD; Mohammad, Y; Momas, I; Montefort, S; Monti, R; Bogado, DM; Morais-Almeida, M; Morato-Castro, FF; Mösges, R; Mota-Pinto, A; Santo, PM; Mullol, J; Münter, L; Muraro, A; Murray, R; Naclerio, R; Nadif, R; Nalin, M; Napoli, L; Namazova-Baranova, L; Neffen, H; Niedeberger, V; Nekam, K; Neou, A; Nieto, A; Nogueira-Silva, L; Nogues, M; Novellino, E; Nyembue, TD; O'Hehir, RE; Odzhakova, C; Ohta, K; Okamoto, Y; Okubo, K; Onorato, GL; Cisneros, MO; Ouedraogo, S; Pali-Schöll, I; Palkonen, S; Panzner, P; Papadopoulos, NG; Park, HS; Papi, A; Passalacqua, G; Paulino, E; Pawankar, R; Pedersen, S; Pépin, JL; Pereira, AM; Persico, M; Pfaar, O; Phillips, J; Picard, R; Pigearias, B; Pin, I; Pitsios, C; Plavec, D; Pohl, W; Popov, TA; Portejoie, F; Potter, P; Pozzi, AC; Price, D; Prokopakis, EP; Puy, R; Pugin, B; Ross, REP; Przemecka, M; Rabe, KF; Raciborski, F; Rajabian-Soderlund, R; Reitsma, S; Ribeirinho, I; Rimmer, J; Rivero-Yeverino, D; Rizzo, JA; Rizzo, MC; Robalo-Cordeiro, C; Rodenas, F; Rodo, X; Gonzalez, MR; Rodriguez-Mañas, L; Rolland, C; Valle, SR; Rodriguez, MR; Romano, A; Rodriguez-Zagal, E; Rolla, G; Roller-Wirnsberger, RE; Romano, M; Rosado-Pinto, J; Rosario, N; Rottem, M; Ryan, D; Sagara, H; Salimäki, J; Samolinski, B; Sanchez-Borges, M; Sastre-Dominguez, J; Scadding, GK; Schunemann, HJ; Scichilone, N; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Serpa, FS; Shamai, S; Sheikh, A; Sierra, M; Simons, FER; Siroux, V; Sisul, JC; Skrindo, I; Solé, D; Somekh, D; Sondermann, M; Sooronbaev, T; Sova, M; Sorensen, M; Sorlini, M; Spranger, O; Stellato, C; Stelmach, R; Stukas, R; Sunyer, J; Strozek, J; Szylling, A; Tebyriçá, JN; Thibaudon, M; To, T; Todo-Bom, A; Tomazic, PV; Toppila-Salmi, S; Trama, U; Triggiani, M; Ulrik, CS; Urrutia-Pereira, M; Valenta, R; Valero, A; Valiulis, A; Valovirta, E; van Eerd, M; van Ganse, E; van Hague, M; Vandenplas, O; Ventura, MT; Vezzani, G; Vasankari, T; Vatrella, A; Verissimo, MT; Viart, F; Viegi, G; Vicheva, D; Vontetsianos, T; Wagenmann, M; Walker, S; Wallace, D; Wang, DY; Waserman, S; Werfel, T; Westman, M; Wickman, M; Williams, DM; Williams, S; Wilson, N; Wright, J; Wroczynski, P; Yakovliev, P; Yawn, BP; Yiallouros, PK; Yorgancioglu, A; Yusuf, OM; Zar, HJ; Zhang, L; Zhong, N; Zernotti, ME; Zhanat, I; Zidarn, M; Zuberbier, T; Zubrinich, C; Zurkuhlen, AAimsMobile Airways Sentinel NetworK (MASK) belongs to the Fondation Partenariale MACVIA-LR of Montpellier, France and aims to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the life cycle, whatever their gender or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease and to improve the digital transformation of health and care. The ultimate goal is to change the management strategy in chronic diseases.MethodsMASK implements ICT technologies for individualized and predictive medicine to develop novel care pathways by a multi-disciplinary group centred around the patients.StakeholdersInclude patients, health care professionals (pharmacists and physicians), authorities, patient's associations, private and public sectors.ResultsMASK is deployed in 23 countries and 17 languages. 26,000 users have registered.EU grants (2018)MASK is participating in EU projects (POLLAR: impact of air POLLution in Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health, DigitalHealthEurope, Euriphi and Vigour).Lessons learnt(i) Adherence to treatment is the major problem of allergic disease, (ii) Self-management strategies should be considerably expanded (behavioural), (iii) Change management is essential in allergic diseases, (iv) Education strategies should be reconsidered using a patient-centred approach and (v) Lessons learnt for allergic diseases can be expanded to chronic diseases.Item Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC) Zhou, B; 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Viikari-Juntura, E; Vineis, P; Vioque, J; Virtanen, JK; Visvikis-Siest, S; Viswanathan, B; Vollenweider, P; Vrdoljak, A; Vrijheid, M; Wade, AN; Wagner, A; Walton, J; Mohamud, WNW; Wang, MD; Wang, Q; Wang, YX; Wannamethee, SG; Wareham, N; Wederkopp, N; Weerasekera, D; Whincup, PH; Widhalm, K; Widyahening, IS; Wiecek, A; Wijga, AH; Wilks, RJ; Willeit, P; Williams, EA; Wilsgaard, T; Wojtyniak, B; Wong, TY; Wong-McClure, RA; Woo, J; Woodward, M; Wu, AG; Wu, FC; Wu, SL; Xu, HQ; Yan, WL; Yang, XG; Ye, XW; Yiallouros, PK; Yoshihara, A; Younger-Coleman, NO; Yusoff, AF; Zambon, S; Zdrojewski, T; Zeng, Y; Zhao, D; Zhao, WH; Zheng, Y; Zhu, D; Zimmermann, E; Cisneros, JZBackground Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19.1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127.0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125.7-128.3) in men and 122.3 mm Hg (121.0-123.6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.7 mm Hg (77.9-79.5) for men and 76.7 mm Hg (75.9-77.6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24.1% (21.4-27.1) in men and 20.1% (17.8-22.5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1.13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe. Funding Wellcome Trust. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license.Item Scaling up strategies of the chronic respiratory disease programme of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (Action Plan B3: Area 5) (vol 6, 29, 2016)(BMC) Bousquet, J; Farrell, J; Crooks, G; Hellings, P; Bel, EH; Bewick, M; Chavannes, NH; de Sousa, JC; Cruz, AA; Haahtela, T; Joos, G; Khaltaev, N; Malva, J; Muraro, A; Nogues, M; Palkonen, S; Pedersen, S; Robalo-Cordeiro, C; Samolinski, B; Strandberg, T; Valiulis, A; Yorgancioglu, A; Zuberbier, T; Bedbrook, A; Aberer, W; Adachi, M; Agusti, A; Akdis, CA; Akdis, M; Ankri, J; Alonso, A; Annesi-Maesano, I; Ansotegui, IJ; Anto, JM; Arnavielhe, S; Arshad, H; Bai, C; Baiardini, I; Bachert, C; Baigenzhin, AK; Barbara, C; Bateman, ED; Beghé, B; Ben Kheder, A; Bennoor, KS; Benson, M; Bergmann, KC; Bieber, T; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bjermer, L; Blain, H; Blasi, F; Boner, AL; Bonini, M; Bonini, S; Bosnic-Anticevitch, S; Boulet, LP; Bourret, R; Bousquet, PJ; Braido, F; Briggs, AH; Brightling, CE; Brozek, J; Buhl, R; Burney, PG; Bush, A; Caballero-Fonseca, F; Caimmi, D; Calderon, MA; Calverley, PM; Camargos, PAM; Canonica, GW; Camuzat, T; Carlsen, KH; Carr, W; Carriazo, A; Casale, T; Sarabia, AMC; Chatzi, L; Chen, YZ; Chiron, R; Chkhartishvili, E; Chuchalin, AG; Chung, KF; Ciprandi, G; Cirule, I; Cox, L; Costa, DJ; Custovic, A; Dahl, R; Dahlen, SE; Darsow, U; De Carlo, G; De Blay, F; Dedeu, T; Deleanu, D; Keenoy, ED; Demoly, P; Denburg, JA; Devillier, P; Didier, A; Dinh-Xuan, AT; Djukanovic, R; Dokic, D; Douagui, H; Dray, G; Dubakiene, R; Durham, SR; Dykewicz, MS; El-Gamal, Y; Emuzyte, R; Fabbri, LM; Fletcher, M; Fiocchi, A; Wagner, AF; Fonseca, J; Fokkens, WJ; Forastiere, F; Frith, P; Gaga, M; Gamkrelidze, A; Garces, J; Garcia-Aymerich, J; Gemicioglu, B; Gereda, JE; Diaz, SG; Gotua, M; Grisle, I; Grouse, L; Gutter, Z; Guzmán, MA; Heaney, LG; Hellquist-Dahl, B; Henderson, D; Hendry, A; Heinrich, J; Heve, D; Horak, F; Hourihane, JOB; Howarth, P; Humbert, M; Hyland, ME; Illario, M; Ivancevich, JC; Jardim, JR; Jares, EJ; Jeandel, C; Jenkins, C; Johnston, SL; Jonquet, O; Julge, K; Jung, KS; Just, J; Kaidashev, I; Khaitov, MR; Kalayci, O; Kalyoncu, AF; Keil, T; Keith, PK; Klimek, L; N'Goran, BK; Kolek, V; Koppelman, GH; Kowalski, ML; Kull, I; Kuna, P; Kvedariene, V; Lambrecht, B; Lau, S; Larenas-Linnemann, D; Laune, D; Le, LTT; Lieberman, P; Lipworth, B; Li, J; Carlsen, KL; Louis, R; MacNee, W; Magard, Y; Magnan, A; Mahboub, B; Mair, A; Majer, I; Makela, MJ; Manning, P; Mara, S; Marshall, GD; Masjedi, MR; Matignon, P; Maurer, M; Mavale-Manuel, S; Melén, E; Melo-Gomes, E; Meltzer, EO; Menzies-Gow, A; Merk, H; Michel, JP; Miculinic, N; Mihaltan, F; Milenkovic, B; Mohammad, GMY; Molimard, M; Momas, I; Montilla-Santana, A; Morais-Almeida, M; Morgan, M; Mösges, R; Mullol, J; Nafti, S; Namazova-Baranova, L; Naclerio, R; Neou, A; Neffen, H; Nekam, K; Niggemann, B; Ninot, G; Nyembue, TD; O'Hehir, RE; Ohta, K; Okamoto, Y; Okubo, K; Ouedraogo, S; Paggiaro, P; Pali-Schöll, I; Panzner, P; Papadopoulos, N; Papi, A; Park, HS; Passalacqua, G; Pavord, I; Pawankar, R; Pengelly, R; Pfaar, O; Picard, R; Pigearias, B; Pin, I; Plavec, D; Poethig, D; Pohl, W; Popov, TA; Portejoie, F; Potter, P; Postma, D; Price, D; Rabe, KF; Raciborski, F; Pontal, FR; Repka-Ramirez, S; Reitamo, S; Rennard, S; Rodenas, F; Roberts, J; Roca, J; Mañas, LR; Rolland, C; Rodriguez, MR; Romano, A; Rosado-Pinto, J; Rosario, N; Rosenwasser, L; Rottem, M; Ryan, D; Sanchez-Borges, M; Scadding, GK; Schunemann, HJ; Serrano, E; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Schulz, H; Sheikh, A; Shields, M; Siafakas, N; Sibille, Y; Similowski, T; Simons, FER; Sisul, JC; Skrindo, I; Smit, HA; Solé, D; Sooronbaev, T; Spranger, O; Stelmach, R; Sterk, PJ; Sunyer, J; Thijs, C; To, T; Todo-Bom, A; Triggiani, M; Valenta, R; Valero, AL; Valia, E; Valovirta, E; Van Ganse, E; van Hage, M; Vandenplas, O; Vasankari, T; Vellas, B; Vestbo, J; Vezzani, G; Vichyanond, P; Viegi, G; Vogelmeier, C; Vontetsianos, T; Wagenmann, M; Wallaert, B; Walker, S; Wang, DY; Wahn, U; Wickman, M; Williams, DM; Williams, S; Wright, J; Yawn, BP; Yiallouros, PK; Yusuf, OM; Zaidi, A; Zar, HJ; Zernotti, ME; Zhang, L; Zhong, N; Zidarn, M; Mercier, JItem Scaling up strategies of the chronic respiratory disease programme of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (Action Plan B3: Area 5)(BMC) Bousquet, J; Farrell, J; Crooks, G; Hellings, P; Bel, EH; Bewick, M; Chavannes, NH; de Sousa, JC; Cruz, AA; Haahtela, T; Joos, G; Khaltaev, N; Malva, J; Muraro, A; Nogues, M; Palkonen, S; Pedersen, S; Robalo-Cordeiro, C; Samolinski, B; Strandberg, T; Valiulis, A; Yorgancioglu, A; Zuberbier, T; Bedbrook, A; Aberer, W; Adachi, M; Agusti, A; Akdis, CA; Akdis, M; Ankri, J; Alonso, A; Annesi-Maesano, I; Ansotegui, IJ; Anto, JM; Arnavielhe, S; Arshad, H; Bai, C; Baiardini, I; Bachert, C; Baigenzhin, AK; Barbara, C; Bateman, ED; Beghé, B; Ben Kheder, A; Bennoor, KS; Benson, M; Bergmann, KC; Bieber, T; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bjermer, L; Blain, H; Blasi, F; Boner, AL; Bonini, M; Bonini, S; Bosnic-Anticevitch, S; Boulet, LP; Bourret, R; Bousquet, PJ; Braido, F; Briggs, AH; Brightling, CE; Brozek, J; Buhl, R; Burney, PG; Bush, A; Caballero-Fonseca, F; Caimmi, D; Calderon, MA; Calverley, PM; Camargos, PAM; Canonica, GW; Camuzat, T; Carlsen, KH; Carr, W; Carriazo, A; Casale, T; Sarabia, AMC; Chatzi, L; Chen, YZ; Chiron, R; Chkhartishvili, E; Chuchalin, AG; Chung, KF; Ciprandi, G; Cirule, I; Cox, L; Costa, DJ; Custovic, A; Dahl, R; Dahlen, SE; Darsow, U; De Carlo, G; De Blay, F; Dedeu, T; Deleanu, D; Keenoy, ED; Demoly, P; Denburg, JA; Devillier, P; Didier, A; Dinh-Xuan, AT; Djukanovic, R; Dokic, D; Douagui, H; Dray, G; Dubakiene, R; Durham, SR; Dykewicz, MS; El-Gamal, Y; Emuzyte, R; Fabbri, LM; Fletcher, M; Fiocchi, A; Wagner, AF; Fonseca, J; Fokkens, WJ; Forastiere, F; Frith, P; Gaga, M; Gamkrelidze, A; Garces, J; Garcia-Aymerich, J; Gemicioglu, B; Gereda, JE; Diaz, SG; Gotua, M; Grisle, I; Grouse, L; Gutter, Z; Guzmán, MA; Heaney, LG; Hellquist-Dahl, B; Henderson, D; Hendry, A; Heinrich, J; Heve, D; Horak, F; Hourihane, JOB; Howarth, P; Humbert, M; Hyland, ME; Illario, M; Ivancevich, JC; Jardim, JR; Jares, EJ; Jeandel, C; Jenkins, C; Johnston, SL; Jonquet, O; Julge, K; Jung, KS; Just, J; Kaidashev, I; Kaitov, MR; Kalayci, O; Kalyoncu, AF; Keil, T; Keith, PK; Klimek, L; N'Goran, BK; Kolek, V; Koppelman, GH; Kowalski, ML; Kull, I; Kuna, P; Kvedariene, V; Lambrecht, B; Lau, S; Larenas-Linnemann, D; Laune, D; Le, LTT; Lieberman, P; Lipworth, B; Li, J; Carlsen, KL; Louis, R; MacNee, W; Magard, Y; Magnan, A; Mahboub, B; Mair, A; Majer, I; Makela, MJ; Manning, P; Mara, S; Marshall, GD; Masjedi, MR; Matignon, P; Maurer, M; Mavale-Manuel, S; Melén, E; Melo-Gomes, E; Meltzer, EO; Menzies-Gow, A; Merk, H; Michel, JP; Miculinic, N; Mihaltan, F; Milenkovic, B; Mohammad, GMY; Molimard, M; Momas, I; Montilla-Santana, A; Morais-Almeida, M; Morgan, M; Mösges, R; Mullol, J; Nafti, S; Namazova-Baranova, L; Naclerio, R; Neou, A; Neffen, H; Nekam, K; Niggemann, B; Ninot, G; Nyembue, TD; O'Hehir, RE; Ohta, K; Okamoto, Y; Okubo, K; Ouedraogo, S; Paggiaro, P; Pali-Schöll, I; Panzner, P; Papadopoulos, N; Papi, A; Park, HS; Passalacqua, G; Pavord, I; Pawankar, R; Pengelly, R; Pfaar, O; Picard, R; Pigearias, B; Pin, I; Plavec, D; Poethig, D; Pohl, W; Popov, TA; Portejoie, F; Potter, P; Postma, D; Price, D; Rabe, KF; Raciborski, F; Pontal, FR; Repka-Ramirez, S; Reitamo, S; Rennard, S; Rodenas, F; Roberts, J; Roca, J; Mañas, LR; Rolland, C; Rodriguez, MR; Romano, A; Rosado-Pinto, J; Rosario, N; Rosenwasser, L; Rottem, M; Ryan, D; Sanchez-Borges, M; Scadding, GK; Schunemann, HJ; Serrano, E; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Schulz, H; Sheikh, A; Shields, M; Siafakas, N; Sibille, Y; Similowski, T; Simons, FER; Sisul, JC; Skrindo, I; Smit, HA; Solé, D; Sooronbaev, T; Spranger, O; Stelmach, R; Sterk, PJ; Sunyer, J; Thijs, C; To, T; Todo-Bom, A; Triggiani, M; Valenta, R; Valero, AL; Valia, E; Valovirta, E; Van Ganse, E; van Hage, M; Vandenplas, O; Vasankari, T; Vellas, B; Vestbo, J; Vezzani, G; Vichyanond, P; Viegi, G; Vogelmeier, C; Vontetsianos, T; Wagenmann, M; Wallaert, B; Walker, S; Wang, DY; Wahn, U; Wickman, M; Williams, DM; Williams, S; Wright, J; Yawn, BP; Yiallouros, PK; Yusuf, OM; Zaidi, A; Zar, HJ; Zernotti, ME; Zhang, L; Zhong, N; Zidarn, M; Mercier, JAction Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) focuses on the integrated care of chronic diseases. Area 5 (Care Pathways) was initiated using chronic respiratory diseases as a model. The chronic respiratory disease action plan includes (1) AIRWAYS integrated care pathways (ICPs), (2) the joint initiative between the Reference site MACVIA-LR (Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un Vleillissement Actif) and ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma), (3) Commitments for Action to the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing and the AIRWAYS ICPs network. It is deployed in collaboration with the World Health Organization Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD). The European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing has proposed a 5-step framework for developing an individual scaling up strategy: (1) what to scale up: (1-a) databases of good practices, (1-b) assessment of viability of the scaling up of good practices, (1-c) classification of good practices for local replication and (2) how to scale up: (2-a) facilitating partnerships for scaling up, (2-b) implementation of key success factors and lessons learnt, including emerging technologies for individualised and predictive medicine. This strategy has already been applied to the chronic respiratory disease action plan of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing.Item Observation of the rare Bs0→μ+μ- decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data(NATURE PORTFOLIO) #VALUE!The standard model of particle physics describes the fundamental particles and their interactions via the strong, electromagnetic and weak forces. It provides precise predictions for measurable quantities that can be tested experimentally. The probabilities, or branching fractions, of the strange B meson (B-s(0)) and the B-0 meson decaying into two oppositely charged muons (mu(+) and mu(-)) are especially interesting because of their sensitivity to theories that extend the standard model. The standard model predicts that the B-s(0)->mu(+)mu(-) and B-0 ->mu(+)mu(-) decays are very rare, with about four of the former occurring for every billion B-s(0) mesons produced, and one of the latter occurring for every ten billion B-0 mesons(1). A difference in the observed branching fractions with respect to the predictions of the standard model would provide a direction in which the standard model should be extended. Before the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN2 started operating, no evidence for either decay mode had been found. Upper limits on the branching fractions were an order of magnitude above the standard model predictions. The CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) and LHCb(Large Hadron Collider beauty) collaborations have performed a joint analysis of the data from proton-proton collisions that they collected in 2011 at a centre-of-mass energy of seven teraelectronvolts and in 2012 at eight teraelectronvolts. Here we report the first observation of the B-s(0)->mu(+)mu(-) decay, with a statistical significance exceeding six standard deviations, and the best measurement so far of its branching fraction. Furthermore, we obtained evidence for the B-0 ->mu(+)mu(-) decay with a statistical significance of three standard deviations. Both measurements are statistically compatible with standard model predictions and allow stringent constraints to be placed on theories beyond the standard model. The LHC experiments will resume taking data in 2015, recording proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 teraelectronvolts, which will approximately double the production rates of B-s(0) and B-0 mesons and lead to further improvements in the precision of these crucial tests of the standard model.Item Rhinitis associated with asthma is distinct from rhinitis alone: The ARIA-MeDALL hypothesis(WILEY) Bousqvet, J; Melén, E; Haahtela, T; Koppelman, GH; Togias, A; Valenta, R; Akdis, CA; Czarlewski, W; Rothenberg, M; Valiulis, A; Wickman, M; Akdis, M; Aguilar, D; Bedbrook, A; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bosnic-Anticevich, S; Boulet, LP; Brightling, CE; Brussino, L; Burte, E; Bustamante, M; Canonica, GW; Cecchi, L; Celedon, JC; Loureiro, CC; Costa, E; Cruz, AA; Erhola, M; Gemicioglu, B; Fokkens, WJ; Garcia-Aymerich, J; Guerra, S; Heinrich, J; Ivancevich, JC; Keil, T; Klimek, L; Kuna, P; Kupczyk, M; Kvedariene, V; Larenas-Linnemann, DE; Lemonnier, N; Carlsen, KCL; Louis, R; Makela, M; Makris, M; Maurer, M; Momas, I; Morais-Almeida, M; Mullol, J; Naclerio, RN; Nadeau, K; Nadif, R; Niedoszytko, M; Okamoto, Y; Ollert, M; Papadopoulos, NG; Passalacqua, G; Patella, V; Pawankar, R; Pham-Thi, N; Pfaar, O; Regateiro, FS; Ring, J; Rouadi, PW; Samolinski, B; Sastre, J; Savouré, M; Scichilone, N; Shamji, MH; Sheikh, A; Siroux, V; Sousa-Pinto, B; Standl, M; Sunyer, J; Taborda-Barata, L; Toppila-Salmi, S; Torres, MJ; Tsiligianni, I; Valovirta, E; Vandenplas, O; Ventura, MT; Weiss, S; Yorgancioglu, A; Zhang, L; Latiff, AHA; Aberer, W; Agache, I; Al-Ahmad, M; Alobid, I; Ansotegui, IJ; Arshad, SH; Asayag, E; Barbara, C; Baharudin, A; Battur, L; Bennoor, KS; Berghea, EC; Bergmann, KC; Bernstein, D; Bewick, M; Blain, H; Bonini, M; Braido, F; Buhl, R; Bumbacea, RS; Bush, A; Calderon, M; Calvo-Gil, M; Camargos, P; Caraballo, L; Cardona, V; Carr, W; Carreiro-Martins, P; Casale, T; Sarabia, AMC; Chandrasekharan, R; Charpin, D; Chen, YZ; Cherrez-Ojeda, I; Chivato, T; Chkhartishvili, E; Christoff, G; Chu, DK; Cingi, C; de Sousa, JC; Corrigan, C; Custovic, A; D'Amato, G; Del Giacco, S; De Blay, F; Devillier, P; Didier, A; Teixeira, MD; Dokic, D; Douagui, H; Doulaptsi, M; Durham, S; Dykewicz, M; Eiwegger, T; El-Sayed, ZA; Emuzyte, R; Fiocchi, A; Fyhrquist, N; Gomez, RM; Gotua, M; Guzman, MA; Hagemann, J; Hamamah, S; Halken, S; Halpin, DMG; Hofmann, M; Hossny, E; Hrubisko, M; Irani, C; Ispayeva, Z; Jares, E; Jartti, T; Jassem, E; Julge, K; Just, J; Jutel, M; Kaidashev, I; Kalayci, O; Kalyoncu, AF; Kardas, P; Kirenga, B; Kraxner, H; Kull, I; Kulus, M; La Grutta, S; Lau, S; Thi, LL; Levin, M; Lipworth, B; Lourenço, O; Mahboub, B; Martinez-Infante, E; Matricardi, P; Miculinic, N; Migueres, N; Mihaltan, F; Mohammad, Y; Moniuszko, M; Montefort, S; Neffen, H; Nekam, K; Nunes, E; Tshipukane, DN; O'Hehir, R; Ogulur, I; Ohta, K; Okubo, K; Ouedraogo, S; Olze, H; Pali-Schöll,; Palomares, O; Palosuo, K; Panaitescu, C; Panzner, P; Park, HS; Pitsios, C; Plavec, D; Popov, TA; Puggioni, F; Quirce, S; Recto, M; Repka-Ramirez, MS; Cordeiro, CR; Roche, N; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, M; Romantowski, J; Rosario, N; Rottem, M; Sagara, H; Serpa, FS; Sayah, Z; Scheire, S; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Sisul, JC; Sole, D; Soto-Martinez, M; Sova, M; Sperl, A; Spranger, O; Stelmach, R; Ulrik, CS; Thomas, M; To, T; Todo-Bom, A; Tomazic, PV; Urrutia-Pereira, M; Valentin-Rostan, M; Van Ganse, E; van Hage, M; Vasankari, T; Vichyanond, P; Viegi, G; Wallace, D; Wang, DY; Williams, S; Worm, M; Yiallouros, P; Yusuf, O; Zaitoun, F; Zernotti, M; Zidarn, M; Zuberbier, J; Fonseca, JA; Zuberbier, T; Anto, JMAsthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) are interrelated clinical phenotypes that partly overlap in the human interactome. The concept of one-airway-one-disease, coined over 20 years ago, is a simplistic approach of the links between upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases. With new data, it is time to reassess the concept. This article reviews (i) the clinical observations that led to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), (ii) new insights into polysensitization and multimorbidity, (iii) advances in mHealth for novel phenotype definitions, (iv) confirmation in canonical epidemiologic studies, (v) genomic findings, (vi) treatment approaches, and (vii) novel concepts on the onset of rhinitis and multimorbidity. One recent concept, bringing together upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases with skin, gut, and neuropsychiatric multimorbidities, is the Epithelial Barrier Hypothesis. This review determined that the one-airway-one-disease concept does not always hold true and that several phenotypes of disease can be defined. These phenotypes include an extreme allergic (asthma) phenotype combining asthma, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis. Rhinitis alone and rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity represent two distinct diseases with the following differences: (i) genomic and transcriptomic background (Toll-Like Receptors and IL-17 for rhinitis alone as a local disease; IL-33 and IL-5 for allergic and non-allergic multimorbidity as a systemic disease), (ii) allergen sensitization patterns (mono- or pauci-sensitization versus polysensitization), (iii) severity of symptoms, and (iv) treatment response. In conclusion, rhinitis alone (local disease) and rhinitis with asthma multimorbidity (systemic disease) should be considered as two distinct diseases, possibly modulated by the microbiome, and may be a model for understanding the epidemics of chronic and autoimmune diseases.Item MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis (MASK-rhinitis): the new generation guideline implementation(WILEY) Bousquet, J; Schunemann, HJ; Fonseca, J; Samolinski, B; Bachert, C; Canonica, GW; Casale, T; Cruz, AA; Demoly, P; Hellings, P; Valiulis, A; Wickman, M; Zuberbier, T; Bosnic-Anticevitch, S; Bedbrook, A; Bergmann, KC; Caimmi, D; Dahl, R; Fokkens, WJ; Grisle, I; Lodrup Carlsen, K; Mullol, J; Muraro, A; Palkonen, S; Papadopoulos, N; Passalacqua, G; Ryan, D; Valovirta, E; Yorgancioglu, A; Aberer, W; Agache, I; Adachi, M; Akdis, CA; Akdis, M; Annesi-Maesano, I; Ansotegui, IJ; Anto, JM; Arnavielhe, S; Arshad, H; Baiardini, I; Baigenzhin, AK; Barbara, C; Bateman, ED; Beghé, B; Bel, EH; Ben Kheder, A; Bennoor, KS; Benson, M; Bewick, M; Bieber, T; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bjermer, L; Blain, H; Boner, AL; Boulet, LP; Bonini, M; Bonini, S; Bosse, I; Bourret, R; Bousquet, PJ; Braido, F; Briggs, AH; Brightling, CE; Brozek, J; Buhl, R; Burney, PG; Bush, A; Caballero-Fonseca, F; Calderon, MA; Camargos, PAM; Camuzat, T; Carlsen, KH; Carr, W; Sarabia, AMC; Chavannes, NH; Chatzi, L; Chen, YZ; Chiron, R; Chkhartishvili, E; Chuchalin, AG; Ciprandi, G; Cirule, I; de Sousa, JC; Cox, L; Crooks, G; Costa, DJ; Custovic, A; Dahlen, SE; Darsow, U; De Carlo, G; De Blay, F; Dedeu, T; Deleanu, D; Denburg, JA; Devillier, P; Didier, A; Dinh-Xuan, AT; Dokic, D; Douagui, H; Dray, G; Dubakiene, R; Durham, SR; Dykewicz, MS; El-Gamal, Y; Emuzyte, R; Wagner, AF; Fletcher, M; Fiocchi, A; Forastiere, F; Gamkrelidze, A; Gemicioglu, B; Gereda, JE; Diaz, SG; Gotua, M; Grouse, L; Guzmán, MA; Haahtela, T; Hellquist-Dahl, B; Heinrich, J; Horak, F; Hourihane, JOB; Howarth, P; Humbert, M; Hyland, ME; Ivancevich, JC; Jares, EJ; Johnston, SL; Joos, G; Jonquet, O; Jung, KS; Just, J; Kaidashev, I; Kalayci, O; Kalyoncu, AF; Keil, T; Keith, PK; Khaltaev, N; Klimek, L; N'Goran, BK; Kolek, V; Koppelman, GH; Kowalski, ML; Kull, I; Kuna, P; Kvedariene, V; Lambrecht, B; Lau, S; Larenas-Linnemann, D; Laune, D; Le, LTT; Lieberman, P; Lipworth, B; Li, J; Louis, R; Magard, Y; Magnan, A; Mahboub, B; Majer, I; Makela, MJ; Manning, P; Keenoy, ED; Marshall, GD; Masjedi, MR; Maurer, M; Mavale-Manuel, S; Melén, E; Melo-Gomes, E; Meltzer, EO; Merk, H; Miculinic, N; Mihaltan, F; Milenkovic, B; Mohammad, Y; Molimard, M; Momas, I; Montilla-Santana, A; Morais-Almeida, M; Mösges, R; Namazova-Baranova, L; Naclerio, R; Neou, A; Neffen, H; Nekam, K; Niggemann, B; Nyembue, TD; O'Hehir, RE; Ohta, K; Okamoto, Y; Okubo, K; Ouedraogo, S; Paggiaro, P; Pali-Schöll, I; Palmer, S; Panzner, P; Papi, A; Park, HS; Pavord, I; Pawankar, R; Pfaar, O; Picard, R; Pigearias, B; Pin, I; Plavec, D; Pohl, W; Popov, TA; Portejoie, F; Postma, D; Potter, P; Price, D; Rabe, KF; Raciborski, F; Pontal, FR; Repka-Ramirez, S; Robalo-Cordeiro, C; Rolland, C; Rosado-Pinto, J; Reitamo, S; Rodenas, F; Roman Rodriguez, M; Romano, A; Rosario, N; Rosenwasser, L; Rottem, M; Sanchez-Borges, M; Scadding, GK; Serrano, E; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Sheikh, A; Simons, FER; Sisul, JC; Skrindo, I; Smit, HA; Solé, D; Sooronbaev, T; Spranger, O; Stelmach, R; Strandberg, T; Sunyer, J; Thijs, C; Todo-Bom, A; Triggiani, M; Valenta, R; Valero, AL; van Hage, M; Vandenplas, O; Vezzani, G; Vichyanond, P; Viegi, G; Wagenmann, M; Walker, S; Wang, DY; Wahn, U; Williams, DM; Wright, J; Yawn, BP; Yiallouros, PK; Yusuf, OM; Zar, HJ; Zernotti, ME; Zhang, L; Zhong, N; Zidarn, M; Mercier, JSeveral unmet needs have been identified in allergic rhinitis: identification of the time of onset of the pollen season, optimal control of rhinitis and comorbidities, patient stratification, multidisciplinary team for integrated care pathways, innovation in clinical trials and, above all, patient empowerment. MASK-rhinitis (MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis) is a simple system centred around the patient which was devised to fill many of these gaps using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools and a clinical decision support system (CDSS) based on the most widely used guideline in allergic rhinitis and its asthma comorbidity (ARIA 2015 revision). It is one of the implementation systems of Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA). Three tools are used for the electronic monitoring of allergic diseases: a cell phone-based daily visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment of disease control, CARAT (Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test) and e-Allergy screening (premedical system of early diagnosis of allergy and asthma based on online tools). These tools are combined with a clinical decision support system (CDSS) and are available in many languages. An e-CRF and an e-learning tool complete MASK. MASK is flexible and other tools can be added. It appears to be an advanced, global and integrated ICT answer for many unmet needs in allergic diseases which will improve policies and standards.Item ARIA 2016: Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle(WILEY) Bousquet, J; Hellings, PW; Agache, I; Bedbrook, A; Bachert, C; Bergmann, KC; Bewick, M; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bosnic-Anticevitch, S; Bucca, C; Caimmi, DP; Camargos, PAM; Canonica, GW; Casale, T; Chavannes, NH; Cruz, AA; De Carlo, G; Dahl, R; Demoly, P; Devillier, P; Fonseca, J; Fokkens, WJ; Guldemond, NA; Haahtela, T; Illario, M; Just, J; Keil, T; Klimek, L; Kuna, P; Larenas-Linnemann, D; Morais-Almeida, M; Mullol, J; Murray, R; Naclerio, R; O'Hehir, RE; Papadopoulos, NG; Pawankar, R; Potter, P; Ryan, D; Samolinski, B; Schunemann, HJ; Sheikh, A; Simons, FER; Stellato, C; Todo-Bom, A; Tomazic, PV; Valiulis, A; Valovirta, E; Ventura, MT; Wickman, M; Young, I; Yorgancioglu, A; Zuberbier, T; Aberer, W; Akdis, CA; Akdis, M; Annesi-Maesano, I; Ankri, J; Ansotegui, IJ; Anto, JM; Arnavielhe, S; Asarnoj, A; Arshad, H; Avolio, F; Baiardini, I; Barbara, C; Barbagallo, M; Bateman, ED; Beghé, B; Bel, EH; Bennoor, KS; Benson, M; Bialoszewski, AZ; Bieber, T; Bjermer, L; Blain, H; Blasi, F; Boner, AL; Bonini, M; Bonini, S; Bosse, I; Bouchard, J; Boulet, LP; Bourret, R; Bousquet, PJ; Braido, F; Briggs, AH; Brightling, CE; Brozek, J; Buhl, R; Bunu, C; Burte, E; Bush, A; Caballero-Fonseca, F; Calderon, MA; Camuzat, T; Cardona, V; Carreiro-Martins, P; Carriazo, AM; Carlsen, KH; Carr, W; Sarabia, AMC; Cesari, M; Chatzi, L; Chiron, R; Chivato, T; Chkhartishvili, E; Chuchalin, AG; Chung, KF; Ciprandi, G; de Sousa, JC; Cox, L; Crooks, G; Custovic, A; Dahlen, SE; Darsow, U; Dedeu, T; Deleanu, D; Denburg, JA; De Vries, G; Didier, A; Dinh-Xuan, AT; Dokic, D; Douagui, H; Dray, G; Dubakiene, R; Durham, SR; Du Toit, G; Dykewicz, MS; Eklund, P; El-Gamal, Y; Ellers, E; Emuzyte, R; Farrell, J; Wagner, AF; Fiocchi, A; Fletcher, M; Forastiere, F; Gaga, M; Gamkrelidze, A; Gemicioglu, B; Gereda, JE; van Wick, RG; Diaz, SG; Grisle, I; Grouse, L; Gutter, Z; Guzmán, MA; Hellquist-Dahl, B; Heinrich, J; Horak, F; Hourihane, JOB; Humbert, M; Hyland, M; Iaccarino, G; Jares, EJ; Jeandel, C; Johnston, SL; Joos, G; Jonquet, O; Jung, KS; Jutel, M; Kaidashev, I; Khaitov, M; Kalayci, O; Kalyoncu, AF; Kardas, P; Keith, PK; Kerkhof, M; Kerstjens, HAM; Khaltaev, N; Kogevinas, M; Kolek, V; Koppelman, GH; Kowalski, ML; Kuitunen, M; Kull, I; Kvedariene, V; Lambrecht, B; Lau, S; Laune, D; Le, LTT; Lieberman, P; Lipworth, B; Li, J; Carlsen, KCL; Louis, R; Lupinek, C; MacNee, W; Magar, Y; Magnan, A; Mahboub, B; Maier, D; Majer, I; Malva, J; Manning, P; Keenoy, ED; Marshall, GD; Masjedi, MR; Mathieu-Dupas, E; Maurer, M; Mavale-Manuel, S; Melén, E; Melo-Gomes, E; Meltzer, EO; Mercier, J; Merk, H; Miculinic, N; Mihaltan, F; Milenkovic, B; Millot-Keurinck, J; Mohammad, Y; Momas, I; Mösges, R; Muraro, A; Namazova-Baranova, L; Nadif, R; Neffen, H; Nekam, K; Nieto, A; Niggemann, B; Nogueira-Silva, L; Nogues, M; Nyembue, TD; Ohta, K; Okamoto, Y; Okubo, K; Olive-Elias, M; Ouedraogo, S; Paggiaro, P; Pali-Schöll, I; Palkonen, S; Panzner, P; Papi, A; Park, HS; Passalacqua, G; Pedersen, S; Pereira, AM; Pfaar, O; Picard, R; Pigearias, B; Pin, I; Plavec, D; Pohl, W; Popov, TA; Portejoie, F; Postma, D; Poulsen, LK; Price, D; Rabe, KF; Raciborski, F; Roberts, G; Robalo-Cordeiro, C; Rodenas, F; Rodriguez-Mañas, L; Rolland, C; Rodriguez, MR; Romano, A; Rosado-Pinto, J; Rosario, N; Rottem, M; Sanchez-Borges, M; Sastre-Dominguez, J; Scadding, GK; Scichilone, N; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Serrano, E; Shields, M; Siroux, V; Sisul, JC; Skrindo, I; Smit, HA; Solé, D; Sooronbaev, T; Spranger, O; Stelmach, R; Sterk, PJ; Strandberg, T; Sunyer, J; Thijs, C; Triggiani, M; Valenta, R; Valero, A; van Eerd, M; van Ganse, E; van Hague, M; Vandenplas, O; Varona, LL; Vellas, B; Vezzani, G; Vazankari, T; Viegi, G; Vontetsianos, T; Wagenmann, M; Walker, S; Wang, DY; Wahn, U; Werfel, T; Whalley, B; Williams, DM; Williams, S; Wilson, N; Wright, J; Yawn, BP; Yiallouros, PK; Yusuf, OM; Zaidi, A; Zar, HJ; Zernotti, ME; Zhang, L; Zhong, N; Zidarn, MThe Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (1) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (2) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and (3) to develop guidelines with all stakeholders that could be used globally for all countries and populations. ARIA-disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally-is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK [MACVIA (Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif)-ARIA Sentinel NetworK] uses mobile technology to develop care pathways for the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group and by patients themselves. An app (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of the novel ARIA approach is to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease.Item ARIA digital anamorphosis: Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice(WILEY) Bousquet, J; Anto, JM; Bachert, C; Haahtela, T; Zuberbier, T; Czarlewski, W; Bedbrook, A; Bosnic-Anticevich, S; Canonica, GW; Cardona, V; Costa, E; Cruz, AA; Erhola, M; Fokkens, WJ; Fonseca, JA; Illario, M; Ivancevich, JC; Jutel, M; Klimek, L; Kuna, P; Kvedariene, V; Le, L; Larenas-Linnemann, DE; Laune, D; Lourenço, OM; Melén, E; Mullol, J; Niedoszytko, M; Odemyr, M; Okamoto, Y; Papadopoulos, NG; Patella, V; Pfaar, O; Pham-Thi, N; Rolland, C; Samolinski, B; Sheikh, A; Sofiev, M; Ulrik, CS; Todo-Bom, A; Tomazic, PV; Toppila-Salmi, S; Tsiligianni, I; Valiulis, A; Valovirta, E; Ventura, MT; Walker, S; Williams, S; Yorgancioglu, A; Agache, I; Akdis, CA; Almeida, R; Ansotegui, IJ; Annesi-Maesano, I; Arnavielhe, S; Basagaña, X; Bateman, ED; Bédard, A; Bedolla-Barajas, M; Becker, S; Bennoor, KS; Benveniste, S; Bergmann, KC; Bewick, M; Bialek, S; Billo, NE; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bjermer, L; Blain, H; Bonini, M; Bonniaud, P; Bosse, I; Bouchard, J; Boulet, LP; Bourret, R; Boussery, K; Braido, F; Briedis, V; Briggs, A; Brightling, CE; Brozek, J; Brusselle, G; Brussino, L; Buhl, R; Buonaiuto, R; Calderon, MA; Camargos, P; Camuzat, T; Caraballo, L; Carriazo, AM; Carr, W; Cartier, C; Casale, T; Cecchi, L; Sarabia, ACM; Chavannes, NH; Chkhartishvili, E; Chu, DRK; Cingi, C; de Sousa, JC; Costa, DJ; Courbis, AL; Custovic, A; Cvetkosvki, B; D'Amato, G; da Silva, J; Dantas, C; Dokic, D; Dauvilliers, Y; De Feo, G; De Vries, G; Devillier, P; Di Capua, S; Dray, G; Dubakiene, R; Durham, SR; Dykewicz, M; Ebisawa, M; Gaga, M; El-Gamal, Y; Heffler, E; Emuzyte, R; Farrell, J; Fauquert, JL; Fiocchi, A; Fink-Wagner, A; Fontaine, JF; Perez, JMF; Gemicioglu, B; Gamkrelidze, A; Garcia-Aymerich, J; Gevaert, P; Gomez, RM; Diaz, SG; Gotua, M; Guldemond, NA; Guzmán, MA; Hajjam, J; Villalobos, YHR; Humbert, M; Iaccarino, G; Ierodiakonou, D; Iinuma, T; Jassem, E; Joos, G; Jung, KS; Kaidashev, I; Kalayci, O; Kardas, P; Keil, T; Khaitov, M; Khaltaev, N; Kleine-Tebbe, J; Kouznetsov, R; Kowalski, ML; Kritikos, V; Kull, I; La Grutta, S; Leonardini, L; Ljungberg, H; Lieberman, P; Lipworth, B; Carlsen, KLC; Lopes-Pereira, C; Loureiro, CC; Louis, R; Mair, A; Mahboub, B; Makris, M; Malva, J; Manning, P; Marshall, GD; Masjedi, MR; Maspero, JF; Carreiro-Martins, P; Makela, M; Mathieu-Dupas, E; Maurer, M; Keenoy, ED; Melo-Gomes, E; Meltzer, EO; Menditto, E; Mercier, J; Micheli, Y; Miculinic, N; Mihaltan, F; Milenkovic, B; Mitsias, DI; Moda, G; Mogica-Martinez, MD; Mohammad, Y; Montefort, S; Monti, R; Morais-Almeida, M; Mösges, R; Münter, L; Muraro, A; Murray, R; Naclerio, R; Napoli, L; Namazova-Baranova, L; Neffen, H; Nekam, K; Neou, A; Nordlund, B; Novellino, E; Nyembue, D; O'Hehir, R; Ohta, K; Okubo, K; Onorato, GL; Orlando, V; Ouedraogo, S; Palamarchuk, J; Pali-Schöll, I; Panzner, P; Park, HS; Passalacqua, G; Pépin, JL; Paulino, E; Pawankar, R; Phillips, J; Picard, R; Pinnock, H; Plavec, D; Popov, TA; Portejoie, F; Price, D; Prokopakis, EP; Psarros, F; Pugin, B; Puggioni, F; Quinones-Delgado, P; Raciborski, F; Rajabian-Söderlund, R; Regateiro, FS; Reitsma, S; Rivero-Yeverino, D; Roberts, G; Roche, N; Rodriguez-Zagal, E; Rolland, C; Roller-Wirnsberger, RE; Rosario, N; Romano, A; Rottem, M; Ryan, D; Salimäki, J; Sanchez-Borges, MM; Sastre, J; Scadding, GK; Scheire, S; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Schünemann, HJ; Serpa, FS; Shamji, M; Sisul, JC; Sofiev, M; Solé, D; Somekh, D; Sooronbaev, T; Sova, M; Spertini, F; Spranger, O; Stellato, C; Stelmach, R; Thibaudon, M; To, T; Toumi, M; Usmani, O; Valero, AA; Valenta, R; Valentin-Rostan, M; Pereira, MU; van der Kleij, R; Van Eerd, M; Vandenplas, O; Vasankari, T; Carneiro, AV; Vezzani, G; Viart, F; Viegi, G; Wallace, D; Wagenmann, M; Wang, DY; Waserman, S; Wickman, M; Williams, DM; Wong, G; Wroczynski, P; Yiallouros, PK; Yusuf, OM; Zar, HJ; Zeng, SE; Zernotti, ME; Zhang, L; Shan Zhong, N; Zidarn, MDigital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed.Item Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA): Achievements in 10 years and future needs(MOSBY-ELSEVIER) Bousquet, J; Schünemann, HJ; Samolinski, B; Demoly, P; Baena-Cagnani, CE; Bachert, C; Bonini, S; Boulet, LP; Bousquet, PJ; Brozek, JL; Canonica, GW; Casale, TB; Cruz, AA; Fokkens, WJ; Fonseca, JA; van Wijk, RG; Grouse, L; Haahtela, T; Khaltaev, N; Kuna, P; Lockey, RF; Carlsen, KCL; Mullol, J; Naclerio, R; O'Hehir, RE; Ohta, K; Palkonen, S; Papadopoulos, NG; Passalacqua, G; Pawankar, R; Price, D; Ryan, D; Simons, FER; Togias, A; Williams, D; Yorgancioglu, A; Yusuf, OM; Aberer, W; Adachi, M; Agache, I; Aït-Khaled, N; Akdis, CA; Andrianarisoa, A; Annesi-Maesano, I; Ansotegui, IJ; Baiardini, I; Bateman, ED; Bedbrook, A; Beghé, B; Beji, M; Bel, EH; Ben Kheder, A; Bennoor, KS; Bergmann, KC; Berrissoul, F; Bieber, T; Jensen, CB; Blaiss, MS; Boner, AL; Bouchard, J; Braido, F; Brightling, CE; Bush, A; Caballero, F; Calderon, MA; Calvo, MA; Camargos, PAM; Caraballo, LR; Carlsen, KH; Carr, W; Cepeda, AM; Cesario, A; Chavannes, NH; Chen, YZ; Chiriac, AM; Pérez, TC; Chkhartishvili, E; Ciprandi, G; Costa, DJ; Cox, L; Custovic, A; Dahl, R; Darsow, U; De Blay, F; Deleanu, D; Denburg, JA; Devillier, P; Didi, T; Dokic, D; Dolen, WK; Douagui, H; Dubakiene, R; Durham, SR; Dykewicz, MS; El-Gamal, Y; El-Meziane, A; Emuzyte, R; Fiocchi, A; Fletcher, M; Fukuda, T; Gamkrelidze, A; Gereda, JE; Diaz, SG; Gotua, M; Guzmán, MA; Hellings, PW; Hellquist-Dahl, B; Horak, F; Hourihane, JO; Howarth, P; Humbert, M; Ivancevich, JC; Jackson, C; Just, J; Kalayci, O; Kaliner, MA; Kalyoncu, AF; Keil, T; Keith, PK; Khayat, G; Kim, YY; N'Goran, BK; Koppelman, GH; Kowalski, ML; Kull, I; Kvedariene, V; Larenas-Linnemann, D; Le, LT; Lemière, C; Li, J; Lieberman, P; Lipworth, B; Mahboub, B; Makela, MJ; Martin, F; Marshall, GD; Martinez, FD; Masjedi, MR; Maurer, M; Mavale-Manuel, S; Mazon, A; Melen, E; Meltzer, EO; Mendez, NH; Merk, H; Mihaltan, F; Mohammad, Y; Morais-Almeida, M; Muraro, A; Nafti, S; Namazova-Baranova, L; Nekam, K; Neou, A; Niggemann, B; Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E; Nyembue, TD; Okamoto, Y; Okubo, K; Orru, MP; Ouedraogo, S; Ozdemir, C; Panzner, P; Pali-Schöll, I; Park, HS; Pigearias, B; Pohl, W; Popov, TA; Postma, DS; Potter, P; Rabe, KF; Ratomaharo, J; Reitamo, S; Ring, J; Roberts, R; Rogala, B; Romano, A; Rodriguez, MR; Rosado-Pinto, J; Rosenwasser, L; Rottem, M; Sanchez-Borges, M; Scadding, GK; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Sheikh, A; Sisul, JC; Solé, D; Sooronbaev, T; Spicak, V; Spranger, O; Stein, RT; Stoloff, SW; Sunyer, J; Szczeklik, A; Todo-Bom, A; Toskala, E; Tremblay, Y; Valenta, R; Valero, AL; Valeyre, D; Valiulis, A; Valovirta, E; Van Cauwenberge, P; Vandenplas, O; van Weel, C; Vichyanond, P; Viegi, G; Wang, DY; Wickman, M; Wöhrl, S; Wright, J; Yawn, BP; Yiallouros, PK; Zar, HJ; Zernotti, ME; Zhong, N; Zidarn, M; Zuberbier, TAllergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma represent global health problems for all age groups. Asthma and rhinitis frequently coexist in the same subjects. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) was initiated during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999 (published in 2001). ARIA has reclassified ARas mild/moderate-severe and intermittent/persistent. This classification closely reflects patients' needs and underlines the close relationship between rhinitis and asthma. Patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are confronted with various treatment choices for the management of AR. This contributes to considerable variation in clinical practice, and worldwide, patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are faced with uncertainty about the relative merits and downsides of the various treatment options. In its 2010 Revision, ARIA developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of AR and asthma comorbidities based on the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. ARIA is disseminated and implemented in more than 50 countries of the world. Ten years after the publication of the ARIAWorld Health Organization workshop report, it is important to make a summary of its achievements and identify the still unmet clinical, research, and implementation needs to strengthen the 2011 European Union Priority on allergy and asthma in children. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130:1049-62.)Item Next-generation ARIA care pathways for rhinitis and asthma: a model for multimorbid chronic diseases(WILEY) Bousquet, JJ; Schünemann, HJ; Togias, A; Erhola, M; Hellings, PW; Zuberbier, T; Agache, I; Ansotegui, IJ; Anto, JM; Bachert, C; Becker, S; Bedolla-Barajas, M; Bewick, M; Bosnic-Anticevich, S; Bosse, I; Boulet, LP; Bourrez, JM; Brusselle, G; Chavannes, N; Costa, E; Cruz, AA; Czarlewski, W; Fokkens, WJ; Fonseca, JA; Gaga, M; Haahtela, T; Illario, M; Klimek, L; Kuna, P; Kvedariene, V; Le, LTT; Larenas-Linnemann, D; Laune, D; Lourenço, OM; Menditto, E; Mullo, J; Okamoto, Y; Papadopoulos, N; Nhân, PT; Picard, R; Pinnock, H; Roche, N; Roller-Wirnsberger, RE; Rolland, C; Samolinski, B; Sheikh, A; Toppila-Salmi, S; Tsiligianni, I; Valiulis, A; Valovirta, E; Vasankari, T; Ventura, MT; Walker, S; Williams, S; Akdis, CA; Annesi-Maesano, I; Arnavielhe, S; Basagana, X; Bateman, E; Bedbrook, A; Bennoor, KS; Benveniste, S; Bergmann, KC; Bia, S; Billo, N; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bjermer, L; Blain, H; Bonini, M; Bonniaud, P; Bouchard, J; Briedis, V; Brightling, CE; Brozek, J; Buhl, R; Buonaiuto, R; Canonica, GW; Cardona, V; Carriazo, AM; Carr, W; Cartier, C; Casale, T; Cecchi, L; Sarabia, AMC; Chkhartishvili, E; Chu, DK; Cingi, C; Colgan, E; de Sousa, JC; Courbis, AL; Custovic, A; Cvetkosvki, B; D'Amato, G; da Silva, J; Dantas, C; Dokic, D; Dauvilliers, Y; Dedeu, A; De Feo, G; Devillier, P; Di Capua, S; Dykewickz, M; Dubakiene, R; Ebisawa, M; El-Gamal, Y; Eller, E; Emuzyte, R; Farrell, J; Fink-Wagner, A; Fiocchi, A; Fontaine, JF; Gemicioglu, B; Schmid-Grendelmeir, P; Gamkrelidze, A; Garcia-Aymerich, J; Gomez, M; Diaz, SG; Gotua, M; Guldemond, NA; Guzmán, MA; Hajjam, J; Hourihane, JO; Humbert, M; Iaccarino, G; Ierodiakonou, D; Ivancevich, JC; Joos, G; Jung, KS; Jutel, M; Kaidashev, I; Kalayci, O; Kardas, P; Keil, T; Khaitov, M; Khaltaev, N; Kleine-Tebbe, J; Kowalski, ML; Kritikos, V; Kull, I; Leonardini, L; Lieberman, P; Lipworth, B; Carlsen, KCL; Loureiro, CC; Louis, R; Mair, A; Marien, G; Mahboub, B; Malva, J; Manning, P; Keenoy, ED; Marshall, GD; Masjedi, MR; Maspero, JF; Mathieu-Dupas, E; Matricardi, PM; Melén, E; Melo-Gomes, E; Meltzer, EO; Mercier, J; Miculinic, N; Mihaltan, F; Milenkovic, B; Moda, G; Mogica-Martinezl, MD; Mohammad, Y; Montefort, S; Monti, R; Morais-Almeida, M; Mösges, R; Münter, L; Muraro, A; Murray, R; Naclerio, R; Napoli, L; Namazova-Baranova, L; Neffen, H; Nekam, K; Neou, A; Novellino, E; Nyembue, D; O'Hehir, R; Ohta, K; Okubo, K; Onorato, G; Ouedraogo, S; Pali-Schöll, I; Palkonen, S; Panzner, P; Park, HS; Pépin, JL; Pereira, AM; Pfaar, O; Paulino, E; Phillips, J; Plavec, D; Popov, TA; Portejoie, F; Price, D; Prokopakis, EP; Pugin, B; Raciborski, F; Rajabian-Söderlund, R; Reitsma, S; Rodo, X; Romano, A; Rosario, N; Rottem, M; Ryan, D; Salimäki, J; Sanchez-Borges, MM; Sisul, JC; Solé, D; Somekh, D; Sooronbaev, T; Sova, M; Spranger, O; Stellato, C; Stelmach, R; Ulrik, CS; Thibaudon, M; To, T; Todo-Bom, A; Tomazic, PV; Valero, AA; Valenta, R; Valentin-Rostan, M; van der Kleij, R; Vandenplas, O; Vezzani, G; Viart, F; Vieg, G; Wallace, D; Wagenmann, M; Wang, DY; Waserman, S; Wickman, M; Williams, DM; Wong, G; Wroczynski, P; Yiallouros, PK; Yorgancioglu, A; Yusuf, OM; Zar, HJ; Zeng, S; Zernotti, M; Zhang, L; Zhong, NS; Zidarn, MBackground In all societies, the burden and cost of allergic and chronic respiratory diseases are increasing rapidly. Most economies are struggling to deliver modern health care effectively. There is a need to support the transformation of the health care system into integrated care with organizational health literacy. Main body As an example for chronic disease care, MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK), a new project of the ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) initiative, and POLLAR (Impact of Air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health), in collaboration with professional and patient organizations in the field of allergy and airway diseases, are proposing real-life ICPs centred around the patient with rhinitis, and using mHealth to monitor environmental exposure. Three aspects of care pathways are being developed: (i) Patient participation, health literacy and self-care through technology-assisted patient activation, (ii) Implementation of care pathways by pharmacists and (iii) Next-generation guidelines assessing the recommendations of GRADE guidelines in rhinitis and asthma using real-world evidence (RWE) obtained through mobile technology. The EU and global political agendas are of great importance in supporting the digital transformation of health and care, and MASK has been recognized by DG Sante as a Good Practice in the field of digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care. Conclusion In 20 years, ARIA has considerably evolved from the first multimorbidity guideline in respiratory diseases to the digital transformation of health and care with a strong political involvement.Item Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample(NATURE PORTFOLIO) Bago, B; Kovacs, M; Protzko, J; Nagy, T; Kekecs, Z; Palfi, B; Adamkovic, M; Adamus, S; Albalooshi, S; Albayrak-Aydemir, N; Alfian, IN; Alper, S; Alvarez-Solas, S; Alves, SG; Amaya, S; Andresen, PK; Anjum, G; Ansari, D; Arriaga, P; Aruta, JJBR; Arvanitis, A; Babincak, P; Barzykowski, K; Bashour, B; Baskin, E; Batalha, L; Batres, C; Bavolar, J; Bayrak, F; Becker, B; Becker, M; Belaus, A; Bialek, M; Bilancini, E; Boller, D; Boncinelli, L; Boudesseul, J; Brown, BT; Buchanan, EM; Butt, MM; Calvillo, DP; Carnes, NC; Celniker, JB; Chartier, CR; Chopik, WJ; Chotikavan, P; Chuan-Peng, H; Clancy, RF; Çoker, O; Correia, RC; Adoric, VC; Cubillas, CP; Czoschke, S; Daryani, Y; de Grefte, JAM; de Vries, WC; Burak, EGD; Dias, C; Dixson, BJW; Du, XK; Dumancic, F; Dumbrava, A; Dutra, NB; Enachescu, J; Esteban-Serna, C; Eudave, L; Evans, TR; Feldman, G; Felisberti, FM; Fiedler, S; Findor, A; Fleischmann, A; Foroni, F; Francová, R; Frank, DA; Fu, CHY; Gao, S; Ghasemi, O; Ghazi-Noori, AR; Ghossainy, ME; Giammusso, I; Gill, T; Gjoneska, B; Gollwitzer, M; Graton, A; Grinberg, M; Groyecka-Bernard, A; Harris, EA; Hartanto, A; Hassan, WANM; Hatami, J; Heimark, KR; Hidding, JJJ; Hristova, E; Hruska, M; Hudson, CA; Huskey, R; Ikeda, A; Inbar, Y; Ingram, GPD; Isler, O; Isloi, C; Iyer, A; Jaeger, B; Janssen, SMJ; Jiménez-Leal, W; Jokic, B; Kacmár, P; Kadreva, V; Kaminski, G; Karimi-Malekabadi, F; Kasper, ATA; Kendrick, KM; Kennedy, BJ; Kocalar, HE; Kodapanakkal, RI; Kowal, M; Kruse, E; Kucerová, L; Kühberger, A; Kuzminska, AO; Lalot, F; Lamm, C; Lammers, J; Lange, EB; Lantian, A; Lau, IYM; Lazarevic, LB; Leliveld, MC; Lenz, JN; Levitan, CA; Lewis, SC; Li, MY; Li, YS; Li, HZ; Lima, TJS; Lins, S; Liuzza, MT; Lopes, P; Lu, JCG; Lynds, T; Mácel, M; Mackinnon, SP; Maganti, M; Magraw-Mickelson, Z; Magson, LF; Manley, H; Marcu, GM; Sersic, DM; Matibag, CJ; Mattiassi, ADA; Mazidi, M; McFall, JP; McLatchie, N; Mensink, MC; Miketta, L; Milfont, TL; Mirisola, A; Misiak, M; Mitkidis, P; Moeini-Jazani, M; Monajem, A; Moreau, D; Musser, ED; Narhetali, E; Ochoa, DP; Olsen, J; Owsley, NC; Özdogru, AA; Panning, M; Papadatou-Pastou, M; Parashar, N; Pärnamets, P; Paruzel-Czachura, M; Parzuchowski, M; Paterlini, JV; Pavlacic, JM; Peker, M; Peters, K; Piatnitckaia, L; Pinto, I; Policarpio, MR; Pop-Jordanova, N; Pratama, AJ; Primbs, MA; Pronizius, E; Puric, D; Puvia, E; Qamari, V; Qian, K; Quiamzade, A; Ráczová, B; Reinero, DA; Reips, UD; Reyna, C; Reynolds, K; Ribeiro, MFF; Röer, JP; Ross, RM; Roussos, P; Ruiz-Dodobara, F; Ruiz-Fernandez, S; Rutjens, BT; Rybus, K; Samekin, A; Santos, AC; Say, N; Schild, C; Schmidt, K; Scigala, KA; Sharifian, M; Shi, JX; Shi, YX; Sievers, E; Sirota, M; Slipenkyj, M; Solak, C; Sorokowska, A; Sorokowski, P; Söylemez, S; Steffens, NK; Stephen, ID; Sternisko, A; Stevens-Wilson, L; Stewart, SLK; Stieger, S; Storage, D; Strube, J; Susa, KJ; Szekely-Copîndean, RD; Szostak, NM; Takwin, B; Tatachari, S; Thomas, AG; Tiede, KE; Tiong, LE; Tonkovic, M; Trémolière, B; Tunstead, LV; Türkan, BN; Twardawski, M; Vadillo, MA; Vally, Z; Vaughn, LA; Verschuere, B; Vlasicek, D; Voracek, M; Vranka, MA; Wang, SZ; West, SL; Whyte, S; Wilton, LS; Wlodarczyk, A; Wu, X; Xin, F; Yadanar, S; Yama, H; Yamada, Y; Yilmaz, O; Yoon, S; Young, DM; Zakharov, I; Zein, RA; Zettler, I; Zezelj, IL; Zhang, DC; Zhang, J; Zheng, XX; Hoekstra, R; Aczel, BThe study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements. Including participants from 45 countries, Bago et al. find that the situational factors that affect moral reasoning are shared across countries, with diminished observed cultural variation.Item BUILDING BRIDGES FOR INNOVATION IN AGEING: SYNERGIES BETWEEN ACTION GROUPS OF THE EIP ON AHA(SPRINGER FRANCE) Bousquet, J; Bewick, M; Cano, A; Eklund, P; Fico, G; Goswami, N; Guldemond, NA; Henderson, D; Hinkema, MJ; Liotta, G; Mair, A; Molloy, W; Monaco, A; Monsonis-Paya, I; Nizinska, A; Papadopoulos, H; Pavlickova, A; Pecorelli, S; Prados-Torres, A; Roller-Wirnsberger, RE; Somekh, D; Vera-Munoz, C; Visser, F; Farrell, J; Malva, J; Ranberg, KA; Camuzat, T; Carriazo, AM; Crooks, G; Gutter, Z; Iaccarino, G; De Keenoy, EM; Moda, G; Rodriguez-Mañas, L; Vontetsianos, T; Abreu, C; Alonso, J; Alonso-Bouzon, C; Ankri, J; Arredondo, MT; Avolio, F; Bedbrook, A; Bialoszewski, AZ; Blain, H; Bourret, R; Cabrera-Umpierrez, MF; Catala, A; O'Caoimh, R; Cesari, M; Chavannes, NH; Correia-Da-Sousa, J; Dedeu, T; Ferrando, M; Ferri, M; Fokkens, WJ; Garcia-Lizana, F; Guérin, O; Hellings, PW; Haahtela, T; Illario, M; Inzerilli, MC; Carlsen, KCL; Kardas, P; Keil, T; Maggio, M; Mendez-Zorrilla, A; Menditto, E; Mercier, J; Michel, JP; Murray, R; Nogues, M; O'Byrne-Maguire, I; Pappa, D; Parent, AS; Pastorino, M; Robalo-Cordeiro, C; Samolinski, B; Siciliano, P; Teixeira, AM; Tsartara, SI; Valiulis, A; Vandenplas, O; Vasankari, T; Vellas, B; Vollenbroek-Hutten, M; Wickman, M; Yorgancioglu, A; Zuberbier, T; Barbagallo, M; Canonica, GW; Klimek, L; Maggi, S; Aberer, W; Akdis, C; Adcock, IM; Agache, I; Albera, C; Alonso-Trujillo, F; Guarcia, MA; Annesi-Maesano, I; Apostolo, J; Arshad, SH; Attalin, V; Avignon, A; Bachert, C; Baroni, I; Bel, E; Benson, M; Bescos, C; Blasi, F; Barbara, C; Bergmann, KC; Bernard, PL; Bonini, S; Bousquet, PJ; Branchini, B; Brightling, CE; Bruguière, V; Bunu, C; Bush, A; Caimmi, DP; Calderon, MA; Canovas, G; Cardona, V; Carlsen, KH; Cesario, A; Chkhartishvili, E; Chiron, R; Chivato, T; Chung, KF; D'Angelantonio, M; De Carlo, G; Cholley, D; Chorin, F; Combe, B; Compas, B; Costa, DJ; Costa, E; Coste, O; Coupet, AL; Crepaldi, G; Custovic, A; Dahl, R; Dahlen, SE; Demoly, P; Devillier, P; Didier, A; Dinh-Xuan, AT; Djukanovic, R; Dokic, D; Du Toit, G; Dubakiene, R; Dupeyron, A; Emuzyte, R; Fiocchi, A; Wagner, A; Fletcher, M; Fonseca, J; Fougère, B; Gamkrelidze, A; Garces, G; Garcia-Aymeric, J; Garcia-Zapirain, B; Gemicioglu, B; Gouder, C; Hellquist-Dahl, B; Hermosilla-Gimeno, I; Héve, D; Holland, C; Humbert, M; Hyland, M; Johnston, SL; Just, J; Jutel, M; Kaidashev, IP; Khaitov, M; Kalayci, O; Kalyoncu, AF; Keijser, W; Kerstjens, H; Knezovic, J; Kowalski, M; Koppelman, GH; Kotska, T; Kovac, M; Kull, I; Kuna, P; Kvedariene, V; Lepore, V; Macnee, W; Maggio, M; Magnan, A; Majer, I; Manning, P; Marcucci, M; Marti, T; Masoli, M; Melen, E; Miculinic, N; Mihaltan, F; Milenkovic, B; Millot-Keurinck, J; Mlinaric, H; Momas, I; Montefort, S; Morais-Almeida, M; Moreno-Casbas, T; Mösges, R; Mullol, J; Nadif, R; Nalin, M; Navarro-Pardo, E; Nekam, K; Ninot, G; Paccard, D; Pais, S; Palummeri, E; Panzner, P; Papadopoulos, NK; Papanikolaou, C; Passalacqua, G; Pastor, E; Perrot, M; Plavec, D; Popov, TA; Postma, DS; Price, D; Raffort, N; Reuzeau, JC; Robine, JM; Rodenas, F; Robusto, F; Roche, N; Romano, A; Romano, V; Rosado-Pinto, J; Roubille, F; Ruiz, F; Ryan, D; Salcedo, T; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Schulz, H; Schunemann, HJ; Serrano, E; Sheikh, A; Shields, M; Siafakas, N; Scichilone, N; Siciliano, P; Skrindo, I; Smit, HA; Sourdet, S; Sousa-Costa, E; Spranger, O; Sooronbaev, T; Sruk, V; Sterk, PJ; Todo-Bom, A; Touchon, J; Tramontano, D; Triggiani, M; Tsartara, SI; Valero, AL; Valovirta, E; Van Ganse, E; Van Hage, M; Van den Berge, M; Vandenplas, O; Ventura, MT; Vergara, I; Vezzani, G; Vidal, D; Viegi, G; Wagemann, M; Whalley, B; Wickman, M; Wilson, N; Yiallouros, PK; Zagar, M; Zaidi, A; Zidarn, M; Hoogerwerf, EJ; Usero, J; Zuffada, R; Senn, A; De Oliveira-Alves, BThe Strategic Implementation Plan of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) proposed six Action Groups. After almost three years of activity, many achievements have been obtained through commitments or collaborative work of the Action Groups. However, they have often worked in silos and, consequently, synergies between Action Groups have been proposed to strengthen the triple win of the EIP on AHA. The paper presents the methodology and current status of the Task Force on EIP on AHA synergies. Synergies are in line with the Action Groups new Renovated Action Plan (2016-2018) to ensure that their future objectives are coherent and fully connected. The outcomes and impact of synergies are using the Monitoring and Assessment Framework for the EIP on AHA (MAFEIP). Eight proposals for synergies have been approved by the Task Force: Five cross-cutting synergies which can be used for all current and future synergies as they consider overarching domains (appropriate polypharmacy, citizen empowerment, teaching and coaching on AHA, deployment of synergies to EU regions, Responsible Research and Innovation), and three cross-cutting synergies focussing on current Action Group activities (falls, frailty, integrated care and chronic respiratory diseases).Item ARIA-EAACI care pathways for allergen immunotherapy in respiratory allergy(WILEY) Bousquet, J; Pfaar, O; Agache, I; Bedbrook, A; Akdis, CA; Canonica, GW; Chivato, T; Al-Ahmad, M; Latiff, AHA; Ansotegui, IJ; Bachert, C; Baharuddin, A; Bergmann, KC; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bjermer, L; Bonini, M; Bosnic-Anticevich, S; Bosse, I; Brough, HA; Brussino, L; Calderon, MA; Caraballo, L; Cardona, V; Carreiro-Martins, P; Casale, T; Cecchi, L; Sarabia, AMC; Chkhartishvili, E; Chu, DK; Cirule, I; Cruz, AA; Czarlewski, W; del Giacco, S; Demoly, P; Devillier, P; Dokic, D; Durham, SL; Ebisawa, M; El-Gamalt, Y; Emuzyte, R; Gamkrelidze, A; Fauquert, JL; Fiocchi, A; Fokkens, WJ; Fonseca, JA; Fontaine, JF; Gawlik, R; Gelincik, A; Gemicioglu, B; Gereda, JE; van Wijk, RG; Gomez, RM; Gotua, M; Grisle, I; Guzmán, MA; Haahtela, T; Halken, S; Heffler, E; Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K; Hossny, E; Hrubisko, M; Irani, C; Ivancevich, JC; Ispayeva, Z; Julge, K; Kaidashev, I; Kalayci, O; Khaitov, M; Klimek, L; Knol, E; Kowalski, ML; Kraxner, H; Kull, I; Kuna, P; Kvedariene, V; Kritikos, V; Lauerma, A; Lau, S; Laune, D; Levin, M; Larenas-Linnemann, DE; Carlsen, KCL; Lombardi, C; Lourenço, OM; Mahboub, B; Malling, HJ; Manning, P; Marshall, GD; Melén, E; Meltzer, EO; Miculinic, N; Milenkovic, B; Moin, M; Montefort, S; Morais-Almeida, M; Mortz, CG; Mösges, R; Mullol, J; Baranova, LN; Neffen, H; Nekam, K; Niedoszytko, M; Odemyr, M; O'Hehir, RE; Ollert, M; O'Mahony, L; Ohta, K; Okamoto, Y; Okubo, K; Pajno, GB; Palomares, O; Palkonen, S; Panzner, P; Papadopoulos, NG; Park, HS; Passalacqua, G; Patella, V; Pawankar, R; Pham-Thi, N; Plavec, D; Popov, TA; Recto, M; Regateiro, FS; Riggioni, C; Roberts, G; Rodriguez-Gonzales, M; Rosario, N; Rottem, M; Rouadi, PW; Ryan, D; Samolinski, B; Sanchez-Borgest, M; Serpa, FS; Sastre, J; Scadding, GK; Shamji, MH; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Schünemann, HJ; Sheikh, A; Scichilone, N; Sisul, JC; Sofiev, M; Solé, D; Sooronbaev, T; Soto-Martinez, M; Soto-Quiros, M; Sova, M; Schwarze, J; Skypala, I; Suppli-Ulrik, C; Taborda-Barata, L; Todo-Bom, A; Torres, MJ; Valentin-Rostan, M; Tomazic, PV; Valero, A; Toppila-Salmi, S; Tsiligianni, I; Untersmayr, E; Urrutia-Pereira, M; Valiulis, A; Valovirta, E; Vandenplas, O; Ventura, MT; Vichyanond, P; Wagenmann, M; Wallace, D; Walusiak-Skorupa, J; Wang, DY; Waserman, S; Wong, GW; Yorgancioglu, A; Yusuf, OM; Zernotti, M; Zhang, L; Zidarn, M; Zuberbier, T; Jutel, MItem Management of anaphylaxis due to COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly(WILEY) Bousquet, J; Agache, I; Blain, H; Jutel, M; Ventura, MT; Worm, M; Del Giacco, S; Benetos, A; Bilo, BM; Czarlewski, W; Latiff, AHA; Al-Ahmad, M; Angier, E; Annesi-Maesano, I; Atanaskovic-Markovic, M; Bachert, C; Barbaud, A; Bedbrook, A; Bennoor, KS; Berghea, EC; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Bonini, S; Bosnic-Anticevich, S; Brockow, K; Brussino, L; Camargos, P; Canonica, GW; Cardona, V; Carreiro-Martins, P; Carriazo, A; Casale, T; Caubet, JC; Cecchi, L; Cherubini, A; Christoff, G; Chu, DRK; Cruz, AA; Dokic, D; El-Gamal, Y; Ebisawa, M; Eberlein, B; Farrell, J; Fernandez-Rivas, M; Fokkens, WJ; Fonseca, JA; Gao, YD; Gavazzi, G; Gawlik, R; Gelincik, A; Gemicioglu, B; Gotua, M; Guérin, O; Haahtela, T; Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K; Hoffmann, HJ; Hofmann, M; Hrubisko, M; Illario, M; Irani, C; Ispayeva, Z; Ivancevich, JC; Julge, K; Kaidashev, I; Khaitov, M; Knol, E; Kraxner, H; Kuna, P; Kvedariene, V; Lauerma, A; Le, LTT; Le Moing, V; Levin, M; Louis, R; Lourenco, O; Mahler, V; Martin, FC; Matucci, A; Milenkovic, B; Miot, S; Montella, E; Morais-Almeida, M; Mortz, CG; Mullol, J; Namazova-Baranova, L; Neffen, H; Nekam, K; Niedoszytko, M; Odemyr, M; O'Hehir, RE; Okamoto, Y; Ollert, M; Palomares, O; Papadopoulos, NG; Panzner, P; Passalacqua, G; Patella, V; Petrovic, M; Pfaar, O; Pham-Thi, N; Plavec, D; Popov, TA; Recto, MT; Regateiro, FS; Reynes, J; Roller-Winsberger, RE; Rolland, Y; Romano, A; Rondon, C; Rottem, M; Rouadi, PW; Salles, N; Samolinski, B; Santos, AF; Sarquis, FS; Sastre, J; Schols, JMGA; Scichilone, N; Sediva, A; Shamji, MH; Sheikh, A; Skypala, I; Smolinska, S; Sokolowska, M; Sousa-Pinto, B; Sova, M; Stelmach, R; Sturm, G; Ulrik, CS; Todo-Bom, AM; Toppila-Salmi, S; Tsiligianni, I; Torres, M; Untersmayr, E; Pereira, MU; Valiulis, A; Vitte, J; Vultaggio, A; Wallace, D; Walusiak-Skorupa, J; Wang, DY; Waserman, S; Yorgancioglu, A; Yusuf, OM; Zernotti, M; Zidarn, M; Chivato, T; Akdis, CA; Zuberbier, T; Klimek, LOlder adults, especially men and/or those with diabetes, hypertension, and/or obesity, are prone to severe COVID-19. In some countries, older adults, particularly those residing in nursing homes, have been prioritized to receive COVID-19 vaccines due to high risk of death. In very rare instances, the COVID-19 vaccines can induce anaphylaxis, and the management of anaphylaxis in older people should be considered carefully. An ARIA-EAACI-EuGMS (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and European Geriatric Medicine Society) Working Group has proposed some recommendations for older adults receiving the COVID-19 vaccines. Anaphylaxis to COVID-19 vaccines is extremely rare (from 1 per 100,000 to 5 per million injections). Symptoms are similar in younger and older adults but they tend to be more severe in the older patients. Adrenaline is the mainstay treatment and should be readily available. A flowchart is proposed to manage anaphylaxis in the older patients.