Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms from allergic rhinitis and common cold: An ARIA-EAACI-GA2LEN consensus
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Date
2021
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Abstract
Background: Although there are many asymptomatic patients, one of the problems of COVID-19 is early recognition of the disease. COVID-19 symptoms are polymorphic and may include upper respiratory symptoms. However, COVID-19 symptoms may be mistaken with the common cold or allergic rhinitis. An ARIA-EAACI study group attempted to differentiate upper respiratory symptoms between the three diseases. Methods: A modified Delphi process was used. The ARIA members who were seeing COVID-19 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire on the upper airway symptoms of COVID-19, common cold and allergic rhinitis. Results: Among the 192 ARIA members who were invited to respond to the questionnaire, 89 responded and 87 questionnaires were analysed. The consensus was then reported. A two-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in the symptom intensity between the three diseases (p <.001). Conclusions: This modified Delphi approach enabled the differentiation of upper respiratory symptoms between COVID-19, the common cold and allergic rhinitis. An electronic algorithm will be devised using the questionnaire. © 2021 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Keywords
Asthma , Common Cold , Consensus , COVID-19 , Humans , Rhinitis, Allergic , SARS-CoV-2 , adult , allergic rhinitis , Article , clinical feature , common cold , consensus development , controlled study , coronavirus disease 2019 , coughing , Delphi study , dyspnea , eye pain , eye redness , human , major clinical study , nasal pruritus , odor , questionnaire , rhinorrhea , sneezing , sore throat , taste , upper respiratory tract , wheezing , allergic rhinitis , asthma , consensus