Evaluating group action of piles under lateral loads in sand

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Group Reduction Factor, G. (Davisson, 1970). for prediction of pile group behavior appears to be somewhat conservative (Prakash and Prakash, 1989). In this study the results of 14-full scale tests on piles in sand were analyzed to evaluate G, and shown that G, is a function of pile spacing, displacement and relative density. Group action disappears at 6-diameter pile spacing for 2x2 groups and 7-diameter pile spacing for groups having six piles or less in the direction of loading.

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