Optimal expansion planning of electrical energy distribution substation considering hydrogen storage
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Electricity network operators undertake important responsibilities such as balancing electricity demand and supply, minimizing power outages, and making the necessary maintenance, repairs, and investments to provide safe and continuous energy. In this context, the most significant challenge encountered today is the need for a more immediate renewal of distribution grid expansion plans, owing to the rapid increase in energy demand and the grid integration of renewable energy power plants and electric vehicle charging stations. In order to find a solution to this issue, an active distribution network has been analyzed under five scenarios based on load demand forecasting. The artificial neural network method has been employed for the forecast of load demand, and the DigSilent Power Factory (DPF) model of the distribution network has been utilized to analyze the effects of scenarios. Connecting PV plants with capacities of 3 MW and 5 MW to different feeders in the distribution network, along with Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) with a capacity of 1 MW to one feeder, has resulted in a reduction of the distribution transformer's occupancy rate from 79.8% to 70.6%. The contribution of a 1 MW HES system to the transformer occupancy rate was determined to be 1.3%. The results highlight the importance of considering the annual load demand forecast, as well as the network integration of PV power plants, electric vehicle charging stations, and hydrogen storage in grid expansion planning.