Migration of the Karachay Turks from the Caucasus to Anatolia
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The peoples of the Caucasus against Russian occupation of nearly a century of struggle for the freedom of the homeland continued harsh Shamil in 1859 to delivery in Russia of the last. Russia completed the occupation of the Caucasus with the end of the last of Circassian resistance in Kbaa region, on May 21, 1864 and Sheikh Shamil's delivery to Russia in 1859. Russia compelled the people of the Caucaus to mandatory and mass migration because of the applied Russian politics. There happened forced migrations from the Caucasus to Anatolia in the second half of the 19th Century and at the beginning of the 20th Century. The initiating actor of the migrations was the Russian state, which had occupied lands of the Caucasian peoples. Caucasus communities who left their homeland as a result of the Russian invasion, used to live in feudal layout system in pre- invasion period. In feudal system which administrated Caucaus communities had a social stratification. Circassians, Daghestanians, Chechens, Kumuks, Karachays etc., whose homelands had been occupied, took refuge to the Ottoman state. This study deals with the Karachay Turks' migration to and settlement in the Ottoman lands.