The effects of mechanical ventilation on heart rate variability and complexity in mice
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2023
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
In a variety of diseases, altered respiratory modulation is often as an early sign of autonomic dysfunction. Therefore, understanding and evaluating the effects of mechanical ventilation on the autonomic nervous system is vital. The effects of mechanical ventilation on autonomic balance have been assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) using frequency domain and non-linear analysis including fractal complexity and entropy analysis in anesthetized mice. BALB/c mice (n=48) were divided into two groups: Spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation. The electrocardiograms were recorded. Four different types of analysis were employed: i. frequency domain analysis, ii. Poincaré plots, iii. Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and iv. Entropy analysis. An unpaired t-test was used for statistical analysis. In a ventilated group, very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF) parameters were not changed, whereas the high frequency parameter was decreased compared to spontaneous breathing mice. DFAa1 was significantly increased due to mechanical ventilation but DFAa2 was unchanged. In Poincaré plots analysis, standard deviation 2 (SD2) / standard deviation 1 (SD1) ratio was increased, however, SD1 and SD2 were not significantly affected. Also, Approximate Entropy and Sample Entropy remained unchanged. HF parameter, DFAa1, and SD2/SD1 were affected by mechanical ventilation. Decreased HF and increased DFAa1, further support the notion that HRV is dominated by respiratory sinus arrhythmia at high frequencies, this may be due to decreased vagal tone caused by mechanical ventilation. This novel results of HRV analysis are important considering increased usage of HRV techniques day by day in animal models and other medical practices. © 2023 H Kazdağli, HF Ozel, MA Özbek. All Rights Reserved.
Description
Keywords
fentanyl , pentobarbital , anesthesia , animal experiment , animal model , Article , artificial ventilation , autonomic dysfunction , autonomic nervous system , breathing pattern , breathing rate , detrended fluctuation analysis , electrocardiogram , electrocardiography , entropy , gene frequency , heart rate , heart rate variability , hypothermia , male , medical practice , mouse , nonhuman , poincare plot , power spectrum , probability , QRS interval , quantitative analysis , R wave , respiration control , respiratory sinus arrhythmia , RR interval , time series analysis , tracheostomy , ultra low frequency , very high frequency