Maternal psychiatric status and infant wheezing: The role of maternal hormones and cord blood cytokines
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Date
2021
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Abstract
Rationale: Maternal psychosocial stress might be associated with development of allergic diseases in the offspring. Objectives: To evaluate the association of maternal depression and anxiety with ever wheezing and recurrent wheezing among infants and to assess the role of maternal hypothalamo-pituatary-adrenal axis changes and fetal immune response in this association. Methods: This study encompasses two designs; cohort design was developed to evaluate the association of prenatal depression with development of wheezing in infants while nested case–control design was used to assess the role of maternal cortisol and tetranectin and cord blood interleukin 13 and interferon γ. Results: We enrolled 697 pregnant women. Elementary school graduate mother (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, p =.06), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 3.4, p =.001), familial history of asthma (OR = 2.7, p <.001) increased the risk of ever wheezing. Elementary school graduate mother (OR = 2.6, p =.002), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 4.8, p <.001) and familial history of asthma (OR = 1.7, p =.01) increased the risk of recurrent wheezing. Maternal previous psychiatric disease, or Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale or Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores were not associated with wheezing. Maternal tetranectin levels were significantly higher among never wheezers compared to the ever wheezers (264.3 ± 274.8 vs. 201.6 ± 299.7, p =.04). Conclusions: In conclusion, the major risk factors for ever wheezing and recurrent wheezing were maternal smoking, level of education and family history of asthma. However, maternal depression and anxiety were not determined as risk factors for wheezing. Maternal tetranectin carries potential as a biomarker for wheezing in the infant. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC
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Keywords
Cytokines , Female , Fetal Blood , Humans , Hydrocortisone , Infant , Mothers , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Respiratory Sounds , biological marker , cytokine , gamma interferon , hormone , hydrocortisone , interleukin 13 , tetranectin , cytokine , hydrocortisone , adult , anxiety , Article , case control study , clinical assessment , clinical evaluation , clinical feature , cohort analysis , controlled study , disease association , disease course , Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale , educational status , female , health hazard , hormone action , human , hypothalamus hypophysis adrenal system , immune response , infant , major clinical study , male , maternal smoking , mental health , newborn , postnatal depression , recurrent disease , risk factor , State Trait Anxiety Inventory , umbilical cord blood , wheezing , abnormal respiratory sound , fetus blood , mother , pregnancy , pregnancy complication