Chemoprotective effect of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and selenium on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in the rat ovarium
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2013
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and selenium by measuring the glutathione (GSH) levels and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) expression in the ovarian tissues of rats treated with cyclophosphamide (CP) therapy. Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each: (I) control, (II) only CP, (III) CP + ascorbic acid, (IV) CP + α-tocopherol, and (V) CP + selenium. Immunohistochemical stainings and GSH protocol were then applied. Results: Following CP administration, the rats exhibited significantly lower GDF-9 expression in oocytes and PCNA expression in granulosa cells of follicles in all stages of development (P < 0.05). In CP + antioxidant groups (Groups III, IV, V), GDF-9 immunoreaction in oocytes and PCNA immunoreaction in granulosa cells of the developing follicles were found to show an increase towards the levels observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: CP was found to cause remarkable degenerative effects in normal ovarian tissue, and we believe that this damage can be reduced and ovarian tissue can be spared from the toxic effects of CP by using antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and selenium. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
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alpha-Tocopherol , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating , Antioxidants , Ascorbic Acid , Cyclophosphamide , Female , Glutathione , Granulosa Cells , Growth Differentiation Factor 9 , Oocytes , Ovarian Diseases , Ovary , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Selenium , Rattus , Rattus norvegicus , alpha tocopherol , ascorbic acid , cycline , cyclophosphamide , glutathione , growth differentiation factor 9 , selenium , adverse outcome , animal experiment , animal model , animal tissue , antioxidant activity , article , cell population , cell protection , controlled study , down regulation , drug effect , drug efficacy , female , granulosa cell , immunofluorescence test , immunohistochemistry , nonhuman , oocyte , organ weight , ovary disease , ovary follicle cell , ovary follicle development , ovary toxicity , ovary weight , priority journal , protein expression , rat , signal transduction , tissue degeneration