Determination of Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acid, Tocopherol, Sterol, and Phenolic Profiles of Expeller-Pressed Poppy Seed Oils from Turkey
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In this study, the aim was to characterize the physicochemical properties and some bioactive compounds of expeller-pressed oils of five registered poppy seed varieties (TMO-1, Ofis-8, Ofis-96, Ofis-95, Ofis-3) grown in Turkey. The amounts of total carotenoids, chlorophylls, phenols, and antioxidant activities of oils ranged between 0.08-0.24 mg 100 g(-1), 0.03-9.04 mg pheophytin a kg(-1), 3.41-8.57 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g(-1), and 5.60-7.33 mM Trolox equivalent 100 g(-1), respectively. The most abundant fatty acid in poppy seed oils was linoleic acid (69.85-74.02%), followed by oleic acid (13.98-16.99%), and palmitic acid (8.51-9.75%). In addition, poppy seed oils were rich in beta-sitosterol (133.47-153.42 mg 100 g(-1)), campesterol (45.36-58.60 mg 100 g(-1)), and delta-5-avenasterol (28.21-39.40 mg 100 g(-1)). High amounts of gamma-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol were detected. This research is the first study, which identified and quantified the polyphenol, beta-carotene, and lutein compounds of expeller-pressed poppy seed oils by HPLC. Tyrosol, apigenin, syringic acid, 3-hydroxytyrosol, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and veratric acid were detected in expeller-pressed poppy seed oils.