Repeated epidural injections of ketamine with preservative benzethonium chloride produce evidence for neurotoxicity in rabbits

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dc.contributor.authorYentur, EA
dc.contributor.authorMirzai, IT
dc.contributor.authorMirzai, H
dc.contributor.authorAtes, U
dc.contributor.authorBaka, M
dc.contributor.authorYurtseven, M
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-18T12:00:42Z
dc.date.available2024-07-18T12:00:42Z
dc.description.abstractBackground and objectives: In this study, we investigated whether repeated doses of 1% ketamine with preservative benzethonium chloride, administered into the epidural space of the rabbit, caused direct neurotoxicity. Methods: Twelve rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups (ketamine and control). After the animals were anesthetized, lumbar epidural catheters were placed for repeated epidural drug delivery. The ketamine group received 1% ketamine with preservative benzethonium chloride (0.5 ml) and the control group received isotonic saline (0.5 ml) once a day for 14 consecutive days. The day after the last injection, the animals were reanaesthetized, the left and right ventricles were cannulated and perfused with 2% glutaraldehyde, 1% formaldehyde mixture, in 0.1 mol/l phosphate buffer. Then, laminectomy was performed. A five centimetre segment of the spinal cord was removed and examined by light and electron microscopy to observe possible histological changes. Microscopic examinations were performed by coding each animal by a neuro-histologist who was blinded as to the source of each specimen. Results: Ketamine-treated rabbits showed significant histological changes at light and electron microscopy findings compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These changes suggested a neurotoxic effect of ketamine with preservative benzethonium chloride following chronic epidural administration.
dc.identifier.issn0169-1112
dc.identifier.urihttp://akademikarsiv.cbu.edu.tr:4000/handle/123456789/7894
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.publisherVSP BV
dc.subjectSPINAL NERVE ROOTS
dc.subjectINTRATHECAL KETAMINE
dc.subjectMIDAZOLAM
dc.subjectTOXICITY
dc.titleRepeated epidural injections of ketamine with preservative benzethonium chloride produce evidence for neurotoxicity in rabbits
dc.typeArticle

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