Secondhand tobacco smoke and severity in wheezing children: Nasal oxidant stress and inflammation
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2018
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Objectives: Prenatal and postnatal smoke exposures are associated with many lung diseases in children due to impaired lung function, increased inflammation, and oxidative stress. We aimed to determine the influence of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure on the levels of nasal glutathione, IL-8, IL-17, MMP-9, and TIMP-1, as well as serum surfactant protein-D (SP-D) in wheezy children. Methods: We enrolled 150 children with recurrent wheezing and recorded wheezing characteristics at enrollment. We measured the levels of serum cotinine, SP-D, nasal glutathione, IL-8, IL-17, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. Serum cotinine levels between 3 and 12 ng/mL, and above 12 ng/mL were defined as lower and higher level secondhand tobacco smoke exposure, respectively. The ANOVA test, Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate analysis with a linear regression test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Ninety-one children had been exposed to lower level secondhand tobacco smoke, while 24 children were exposed to higher level secondhand tobacco smoke. Thirty-five children were not exposed to cigarette smoke. Wheezing symptom scores were higher in exposed children (p = 0.03). Levels of other biomarkers showed no significant difference. Conclusions: Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure is associated with more severe respiratory symptoms in wheezing children. However, levels of nasal or serum inflammatory markers fail to explain this association, either because of different mechanical factors in the process or due to low levels of the biomarkers especially in nasal secretions. © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Description
Keywords
Child, Preschool , Cotinine , Cytokines , Environmental Exposure , Female , Glutathione , Humans , Infant , Male , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 , Mothers , Nasal Mucosa , Oxidative Stress , Pregnancy , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D , Respiratory Sounds , Severity of Illness Index , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , biological marker , cigarette smoke , cotinine , gelatinase B , glutathione , interleukin 17 , interleukin 8 , surfactant protein D , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 , tobacco smoke , cotinine , cytokine , gelatinase B , glutathione , MMP9 protein, human , surfactant protein D , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 , Article , biochemical analysis , blood level , child , controlled study , correlation coefficient , disease severity , exposure , female , human , inflammation , major clinical study , male , multivariate analysis , nasal lavage , oxidative stress , passive smoking , wheezing , abnormal respiratory sound , analysis , blood , environmental exposure , fetomaternal transfusion , infant , metabolism , mother , nose mucosa , oxidative stress , passive smoking , pregnancy , preschool child , severity of illness index