Nanostructured Metal Oxide-Based Electrochemical Biosensors in Medical Diagnosis
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Date
2024
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Abstract
Nanostructured metal oxides (NMOs) provide electrical properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, reaction activity, and good adsorption strength. Furthermore, they serve as a conductive substrate for the immobilization of biomolecules, exhibiting notable biological activity. Capitalizing on these characteristics, they find utility in the development of various electrochemical biosensing devices, elevating the sensitivity and selectivity of such diagnostic platforms. In this review, different types of NMOs, including zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4), nickel oxide (NiO), and copper oxide (CuO); their synthesis methods; and how they can be integrated into biosensors used for medical diagnosis are examined. It also includes a detailed table for the last 10 years covering the morphologies, analysis techniques, analytes, and analytical performances of electrochemical biosensors developed for medical diagnosis. © 2024 by the authors.
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Keywords
Biosensing Techniques , Copper , Electrochemical Techniques , Humans , Metals , Nanostructures , Nickel , Oxides , Titanium , Zinc Oxide , Bioactivity , Biosensors , Copper oxides , Electrochemical biosensors , II-VI semiconductors , Iron oxides , Molecular biology , Nanostructured materials , Nickel oxide , Titanium dioxide , Zinc oxide , copper oxide , iron oxide , metal oxide nanoparticle , nanomaterial , nickel , nickel oxide nanoparticle , titanium dioxide , zinc oxide , copper , metal , nanomaterial , nickel monoxide , oxide , titanium , titanium dioxide , zinc oxide , Adsorption strength , Conductive substrates , Electrochemical biosensing , Electrochemical biosensor , High surface-to-volume ratio , Immobilisation , Metal-oxide , Metal-oxide nanomaterial , Nanostructured metals , Reaction activity , acute toxicity , amperometry , anemia , biocompatibility , biological activity , cardiovascular disease , cholinergic transmission , cystic fibrosis , cytotoxicity , drug synthesis , electric conductivity , electrochemical analysis , electrochemistry , Escherichia coli , human , hypoalbuminemia , hypoglycemia , immobilization , immunoassay , impedance , impedance spectroscopy , induced pluripotent stem cell , limit of detection , melanoma , morphology , nanofabrication , nanotechnology , personalized medicine , pH , photocatalysis , prostate cancer , regenerative medicine , Review , risk assessment , salmonellosis , sensitivity and specificity , sickle cell anemia , signal processing , tumor suppressor gene , voltammetry , Wart virus , wound healing , Zika fever , Zika virus , chemistry , electrochemical analysis , genetic procedures , Diagnosis