Classical heart rate variability and nonlinear heart rate analysis in mice under Napentobarbital and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia

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dc.contributor.authorŞüheda Alpay
dc.contributor.authorMustafa Özbek
dc.contributor.authorMürüvvet Alenbey
dc.contributor.authorHasan Kazdağlı
dc.contributor.authorHASAN FEHMI OZEL
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-14T05:52:27Z
dc.date.available2025-04-14T05:52:27Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractBackground/aim: Anesthetics are often used in animal experiments to achieve immobilization and relieve pain. However, many anesthetics can alter the dynamics of cardiovascular systems. We aimed to compare the effects of two frequently used anesthetics agents on heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in mice.\rMaterials and methods: This observational study was performed between May and June 2014 in 21 male BALB/c mice aged 16–20 weeks.\rThe animals were divided into three groups: pentobarbital (P), (n = 7); pentobarbital+fentanyl (P+F), (n = 7); and ketamine+xylazine (K+X), (n = 7). Surface electrocardiography (ECG) electrodes were placed in lead II configuration. The tachogram of RR intervals was obtained after R waves were detected using the Pan-Tompkins real-time QRS recognition algorithm. Frequency-domain, time-domain, and nonlinear HRV analyses were performed.\rResults: The bradycardia effect was higher in the K+X group (p < 0.01). Time-domain indices were higher in group K+X compared to group P (p < 0.01) and group P+F (p < 0.001). Very low frequency (VLF) power was significantly lower in group K+X compared to group P and group P+F (p < 0.01). Low frequency (LF) power, low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio, and total power (TP) were higher in group K+X compared to group P (p < 0.01) and group P+F (p < 0.001). The detrended fluctuation analysis short-term parameter $(DFAα_1 )$ was significantly higher in group K+X compared to group P+F (p < 0.05) and the long-term parameter $(DFAα_2 )$ was lower in group K+X compared to group P (p < 0.05). Standard deviations SD1 and SD2 were higher in group K+X compared to group P (p < 0.001) and group P+F (p < 0.001), SD2/SD1 ratio was lower in group K+X compared to group P (p < 0.05) and group P+F (p < 0.05).\rEntropy measures did not differ between groups.\rConclusion: HRV analyses, including nonlinear methods, indicated that a K+X combination reduces imbalance and disorder in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in comparison to both P and the P+F combination.
dc.identifier.DOI-ID10.55730/1300-0144.5383
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14701/55338
dc.language.isoİngilizce
dc.subjectBiyoloji
dc.subjectTıbbi Araştırmalar Deneysel
dc.subjectMikrobiyoloji
dc.subjectFizyoloji
dc.subjectBiyokimya ve Moleküler Biyoloji
dc.subjectVeterinerlik
dc.subjectKalp ve Kalp Damar Sistemi
dc.titleClassical heart rate variability and nonlinear heart rate analysis in mice under Napentobarbital and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia

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