Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Ezzati M.; Zhou B.; Bentham J.; Di Cesare M.; Bixby H.; Danaei G.; Hajifathalian K.; Taddei C.; Carrillo-Larco R.M.; Djalalinia S.; Khatibzadeh S.; Lugero C.; Peykari N.; Zhang W.Z.; Bennett J.; Bilano V.; Stevens G.A.; Cowan M.J.; Riley L.M.; Chen Z.; Hambleton I.R.; Jackson R.T.; Kengne A.P.; Khang Y.-H.; Laxmaiah A.; Liu J.; Malekzadeh R.; Neuhauser H.K.; Sorić M.; Starc G.; Sundström J.; Woodward M.; Abarca-Gómez L.; Abdeen Z.A.; Abu-Rmeileh N.M.; Acosta-Cazares B.; Adams R.J.; Aekplakorn W.; Afsana K.; Aguilar-Salinas C.A.; Agyemang C.; Ahmad N.A.; Ahmadvand A.; Ahrens W.; Ajlouni K.; Akhtaeva N.; Al-Raddadi R.; Ali M.M.; Ali O.; Alkerwi A.; Aly E.; Amarapurkar D.N.; Amouyel P.; Amuzu A.; Andersen L.B.; Anderssen S.A.; Ängquist L.H.; Anjana R.M.; Ansong D.; Aounallah-Skhiri H.; Araújo J.; Ariansen I.; Aris T.; Arlappa N.; Arveiler D.; Aryal K.K.; Aspelund T.; Assah F.K.; Assunção M.C.F.; Avdicová M.; Azevedo A.; Azizi F.; Babu B.V.; Bahijri S.; Balakrishna N.; Bamoshmoosh M.; Banach M.; Bandosz P.; Banegas J.R.; Barbagallo C.M.; Barceló A.; Barkat A.; Barros A.J.D.; Barros M.V.; Bata I.; Batieha A.M.; Batyrbek A.; Baur L.A.; Beaglehole R.; Romdhane H.B.; Benet M.; Benson L.S.; Bernabe-Ortiz A.; Bernotiene G.; Bettiol H.; Bhagyalaxmi A.; Bharadwaj S.; Bhargava S.K.; Bi Y.; Bikbov M.; Bista B.; Bjerregaard P.; Bjertness E.; Bjertness M.B.; Björkelund C.; Blokstra A.; Bo S.; Bobak M.; Boeing H.; Boggia J.G.; Boissonnet C.P.; Bongard V.; Borchini R.; Bovet P.; Braeckman L.; Brajkovich I.; Branca F.; Breckenkamp J.; Brenner H.; Brewster L.M.; Bruno G.; Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B.; Bugge A.; Burns C.; Bursztyn M.; de León A.C.; Cacciottolo J.; Cai H.; Cameron C.; Can G.; Cândido A.P.C.; Capuano V.; Cardoso V.C.; Carlsson A.C.; Carvalho M.J.; Casanueva F.F.; Casas J.-P.; Caserta C.A.; Chamukuttan S.; Chan A.W.; Chan Q.; Chaturvedi H.K.; Chaturvedi N.; Chen C.-J.; Chen F.; Chen H.; Chen S.; Cheng C.-Y.; Dekkaki I.C.; Chetrit A.; Chiolero A.; Chiou S.-T.; Chirita-Emandi A.; Chirlaque M.-D.; Cho B.; Cho Y.; Christofaro D.G.; Chudek J.; Cifkova R.; Cinteza E.; Claessens F.; Clays E.; Concin H.; Cooper C.; Cooper R.; Coppinger T.C.; Costanzo S.; Cottel D.; Cowell C.; Craig C.L.; Crujeiras A.B.; Cruz J.J.; D'Arrigo G.; d'Orsi E.; Dallongeville J.; Damasceno A.; Dankner R.; Dantoft T.M.; Dauchet L.; Davletov K.; De Backer G.; De Bacquer D.; de Gaetano G.; De Henauw S.; de Oliveira P.D.; De Smedt D.; Deepa M.; Dehghan A.; Delisle H.; Deschamps V.; Dhana K.; Di Castelnuovo A.F.; Dias-da-Costa J.S.; Diaz A.; Dickerson T.T.; Do H.T.P.; Dobson A.J.; Donfrancesco C.; Donoso S.P.; Döring A.; Dorobantu M.; Doua K.; Drygas W.; Dulskiene V.; Džakula A.; Dzerve V.; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E.; Eggertsen R.; Ekelund U.; El Ati J.; Elliott P.; Elosua R.; Erasmus R.T.; Erem C.; Eriksen L.; Eriksson J.G.; Escobedo-de la Peña J.; Evans A.; Faeh D.; Fall C.H.; Farzadfar F.; Felix-Redondo F.J.; Ferguson T.S.; Fernandes R.A.; Fernández-Bergés D.; Ferrante D.; Ferrari M.; Ferreccio C.; Ferrieres J.; Finn J.D.; Fischer K.; Föger B.; Foo L.H.; Forslund A.-S.; Forsner M.; Fouad H.M.; Francis D.K.; Franco M.C.; Franco O.H.; Frontera G.; Fuchs F.D.; Fuchs S.C.; Fujita Y.; Furusawa T.; Gaciong Z.; Galvano F.; Garcia-de-la-Hera M.; Gareta D.; Garnett S.P.; Gaspoz J.-M.; Gasull M.; Gates L.; Geleijnse J.M.; Ghasemian A.; Ghimire A.; Giampaoli S.; Gianfagna F.; Gill T.K.; Giovannelli J.; Goldsmith R.A.; Gonçalves H.; Gonzalez-Gross M.; González-Rivas J.P.; Gorbea M.B.; Gottrand F.; Graff-Iversen S.; Grafnetter D.; Grajda A.; Grammatikopoulou M.G.; Gregor R.D.; Grodzicki T.; Grøntved A.; Grosso G.; Gruden G.; Grujic V.; Gu D.; Guan O.P.; Gudmundsson E.F.; Gudnason V.; Guerrero R.; Guessous I.; Guimaraes A.L.; Gulliford M.C.; Gunnlaugsdottir J.; Gunter M.; Gupta P.C.; Gupta R.; Gureje O.; Gurzkowska B.; Gutierrez L.; Gutzwiller F.; Hadaegh F.; Halkjær J.; Hardy R.; Kumar R.H.; Hata J.; Hayes A.J.; He J.; He Y.; Hendriks M.E.; Henriques A.; Cadena L.H.; Herrala S.; Heshmat R.; Hihtaniemi I.T.; Ho S.Y.; Ho S.C.; Hobbs M.; Hofman A.; Dinc G.H.; Horimoto A.R.; Hormiga C.M.; Horta B.L.; Houti L.; Howitt C.; Htay T.T.; Htet A.S.; Htike M.M.T.; Hu Y.; Huerta J.M.; Huisman M.; Husseini A.S.; Huybrechts I.; Hwalla N.; Iacoviello L.; Iannone A.G.; Ibrahim M.M.; Wong N.I.; Ikeda N.; Ikram M.A.; Irazola V.E.; Islam M.; al-Safi Ismail A.; Ivkovic V.; Iwasaki M.; Jacobs J.M.; Jaddou H.; Jafar T.; Jamrozik K.; Janszky I.; Jasienska G.; Jelaković A.; Jelaković B.; Jennings G.; Jeong S.-L.; Jiang C.Q.; Joffres M.; Johansson M.; Jokelainen J.J.; Jonas J.B.; Jørgensen T.; Joshi P.; Jóźwiak J.; Juolevi A.; Jurak G.; Jureša V.; Kaaks R.; Kafatos A.; Kajantie E.O.; Kalter-Leibovici O.; Kamaruddin N.A.; Karki K.B.; Kasaeian A.; Katz J.; Kauhanen J.; Kaur P.; Kavousi M.; Kazakbaeva G.; Keil U.; Boker L.K.; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S.; Kelishadi R.; Kemper H.C.G.; Kerimkulova A.; Kersting M.; Key T.; Khader Y.S.; Khalili D.; Khateeb M.; Khaw K.-T.; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U.; Kiechl S.; Killewo J.; Kim J.; Kim Y.-Y.; Klumbiene J.; Knoflach M.; Kolle E.; Kolsteren P.; Korrovits P.; Koskinen S.; Kouda K.; Kowlessur S.; Koziel S.; Kriemler S.; Kristensen P.L.; Krokstad S.; Kromhout D.; Kruger H.S.; Kubinova R.; Kuciene R.; Kuh D.; Kujala U.M.; Kulaga Z.; Kumar R.K.; Kurjata P.; Kusuma Y.S.; Kuulasmaa K.; Kyobutungi C.; Laatikainen T.; Lachat C.; Lam T.H.; Landrove O.; Lanska V.; Lappas G.; Larijani B.; Laugsand L.E.; Bao K.L.N.; Le T.D.; Leclercq C.; Lee J.; Lehtimäki T.; León-Muñoz L.M.; Levitt N.S.; Li Y.; Lilly C.L.; Lim W.-Y.; Lima-Costa M.F.; Lin H.-H.; Lin X.; Lind L.; Linneberg A.; Lissner L.; Litwin M.; Lorbeer R.; Lotufo P.A.; Lozano J.E.; Luksiene D.; Lundqvist A.; Lunet N.; Lytsy P.; Ma G.; Ma J.; Machado-Coelho G.L.L.; Machi S.; Maggi S.; Magliano D.J.; Magriplis E.; Majer M.; Makdisse M.; Malhotra R.; Rao K.M.; Malyutina S.; Manios Y.; Mann J.I.; Manzato E.; Margozzini P.; Marques-Vidal P.; Marques L.P.; Marrugat J.; Martorell R.; Mathiesen E.B.; Matijasevich A.; Matsha T.E.; Mbanya J.N.; Posso A.J.M.D.; McFarlane S.R.; McGarvey S.T.; McLachlan S.; McLean R.M.; McLean S.B.; McNulty B.A.; Mediene-Benchekor S.; Medzioniene J.; Meirhaeghe A.; Meisinger C.; Menezes A.B.; Menon G.R.; Meshram I.I.; Metspalu A.; Meyer H.E.; Mi J.; Mikkel K.; Miller J.C.; Minderico C.S.; Miquel J.F.; Miranda J.J.; Mirrakhimov E.; Mišigoj-Durakovic M.; Modesti P.A.; Mohamed M.K.; Mohammad K.; Mohammadifard N.; Mohan V.; Mohanna S.; Yusoff M.F.M.D.; Møllehave L.T.; Møller N.C.; Molnár D.; Momenan A.; Mondo C.K.; Monyeki K.D.K.; Moon J.S.; Moreira L.B.; Morejon A.; Moreno L.A.; Morgan K.; Moschonis G.; Mossakowska M.; Mostafa A.; Mota J.; Motlagh M.E.; Motta J.; Msyamboza K.P.; ThetMu T.; Muiesan M.L.; Müller-Nurasyid M.; Murphy N.; Mursu J.; Musil V.; Nabipour I.; Nagel G.; Naidu B.M.; Nakamura H.; Námešná J.; Nang E.K.; Nangia V.B.; Narake S.; Nauck M.; Navarrete-Muñoz E.M.; Ndiaye N.C.; Neal W.A.; Nenko I.; Neovius M.; Nervi F.; Nguyen C.T.; Nguyen N.D.; Nguyen Q.N.; Nguyen Q.V.; Nieto-Martínez R.E.; Niiranen T.J.; Ning G.; Ninomiya T.; Nishtar S.; Noale M.; Noboa O.A.; Noorbala A.A.; Norat T.; Noto D.; Al Nsour M.; O'Reilly D.; Oda E.; Oehlers G.; Oh K.; Ohara K.; Olinto M.T.A.; Oliveira I.O.; Omar M.A.; Onat A.; Ong S.K.; Ono L.M.; Ordunez P.; Ornelas R.; Osmond C.; Ostojic S.M.; Ostovar A.; Otero J.A.; Overvad K.; Owusu-Dabo E.; Paccaud F.M.; Padez C.; Pahomova E.; Pajak A.; Palli D.; Palmieri L.; Pan W.-H.; Panda-Jonas S.; Panza F.; Papandreou D.; Park S.-W.; Parnell W.R.; Parsaeian M.; Patel N.D.; Pecin I.; Pednekar M.S.; Peer N.; Peeters P.H.; Peixoto S.V.; Peltonen M.; Pereira A.C.; Peters A.; Petersmann A.; Petkeviciene J.; Pham S.T.; Pigeot I.; Pikhart H.; Pilav A.; Pilotto L.; Pitakaka F.; Piwonska A.; Plans-Rubió P.; Polašek O.; Porta M.; Portegies M.L.P.; Pourshams A.; Poustchi H.; Pradeepa R.; Prashant M.; Price J.F.; Puder J.J.; Puiu M.; Punab M.; Qasrawi R.F.; Qorbani M.; Bao T.Q.; Radic I.; Radisauskas R.; Rahman M.; Raitakari O.; Raj M.; Rao S.R.; Ramachandran A.; Ramos E.; Rampal L.; Rampal S.; Rangel Reina D.A.; Redon J.; Reganit P.M.; Ribeiro R.; Riboli E.; Rigo F.; Rinke de Wit T.F.; Ritti-Dias R.M.; Robinson S.M.; Robitaille C.; Rodríguez-Artalejo F.; Rodriguez-Perez M.C.; Rodríguez-Villamizar L.A.; Rojas-Martinez R.; Romaguera D.; Ronkainen K.; Rosengren A.; Roy J.G.R.; Rubinstein A.; Ruiz-Betancourt B.S.; Rutkowski M.; Sabanayagam C.; Sachdev H.S.; Saidi O.; Sakarya S.; Salanave B.; Martinez E.S.; Salmerón D.; Salomaa V.; Salonen J.T.; Salvetti M.; Sánchez-Abanto J.; Sans S.; Santos D.A.; Santos I.S.; Santos R.N.; Santos R.; Saramies J.L.; Sardinha L.B.; Sarganas G.; Sarrafzadegan N.; Saum K.-U.; Savva S.; Scazufca M.; Schargrodsky H.; Schipf S.; Schmidt C.O.; Schöttker B.; Schultsz C.; Schutte A.E.; Sein A.A.; Sen A.; Sepanlou S.G.; Sharma S.K.; Shaw J.E.; Shibuya K.; Shin D.W.; Shin Y.; Si-Ramlee K.; Siantar R.; Sibai A.M.; Silva D.A.S.; Simon M.; Simons J.; Simons L.A.; Sjöström M.; Skovbjerg S.; Slowikowska-Hilczer J.; Slusarczyk P.; Smeeth L.; Smith M.C.; Snijder M.B.; So H.-K.; Sobngwi E.; Söderberg S.; Solfrizzi V.; Sonestedt E.; Song Y.; Sørensen T.I.A.; Jérome C.S.; Soumare A.; Staessen J.A.; Stathopoulou M.G.; Stavreski B.; Steene-Johannessen J.; Stehle P.; Stein A.D.; Stergiou G.S.; Stessman J.; Stieber J.; Stöckl D.; Stocks T.; Stokwiszewski J.; Stronks K.; Strufaldi M.W.; Sun C.-A.; Sung Y.-T.; Suriyawongpaisal P.; Sy R.G.; Tai E.S.; Tammesoo M.-L.; Tamosiunas A.; Tan E.J.; Tang X.; Tanser F.; Tao Y.; Tarawneh M.R.; Tarqui-Mamani C.B.; Tautu O.-F.; Taylor A.; Theobald H.; Theodoridis X.; Thijs L.; Thuesen B.H.; Tjonneland A.; Tolonen H.K.; Tolstrup J.S.; Topbas M.; Topór-Madry R.; Tormo M.J.; Torrent M.; Traissac P.; Trichopoulos D.; Trichopoulou A.; Trinh O.T.H.; Trivedi A.; Tshepo L.; Tulloch-Reid M.K.; Tullu F.; Tuomainen T.-P.; Tuomilehto J.; Turley M.L.; Tynelius P.; Tzourio C.; Ueda P.; Ugel E.E.; Ulmer H.; Uusitalo H.M.T.; Valdivia G.; Valvi D.; van der Schouw Y.T.; Van Herck K.; Van Minh H.; van Rossem L.; Van Schoor N.M.; van Valkengoed I.G.M.; Vanderschueren D.; Vanuzzo D.; Vatten L.; Vega T.; Velasquez-Melendez G.; Veronesi G.; Verschuren W.M.M.; Verstraeten R.; Victora C.G.; Viet L.; Viikari-Juntura E.; Vineis P.; Vioque J.; Virtanen J.K.; Visvikis-Siest S.; Viswanathan B.; Vlasoff T.; Vollenweider P.; Voutilainen S.; Wade A.N.; Wagner A.; Walton J.; Wan Bebakar W.M.; Wan Mohamud W.N.; Wanderley R.S., Jr.; Wang M.-D.; Wang Q.; Wang Y.X.; Wang Y.-W.; Wannamethee S.G.; Wareham N.; Wedderkopp N.; Weerasekera D.; Whincup P.H.; Widhalm K.; Widyahening I.S.; Wiecek A.; Wijga A.H.; Wilks R.J.; Willeit J.; Willeit P.; Williams E.A.; Wilsgaard T.; Wojtyniak B.; Wong-McClure R.A.; Wong J.Y.Y.; Wong T.Y.; Woo J.; Wu A.G.; Wu F.C.; Wu S.; Xu H.; Yan W.; Yang X.; Ye X.; Yiallouros P.K.; Yoshihara A.; Younger-Coleman N.O.; Yusoff A.F.; Zainuddin A.A.; Zambon S.; Zampelas A.; Zdrojewski T.; Zeng Y.; Zhao D.; Zhao W.; Zheng W.; Zheng Y.; Zhu D.; Zhussupov B.; Zimmermann E.; Cisneros J.Z.

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

dc.contributor.author	Ezzati M.
dc.contributor.author	Zhou B.
dc.contributor.author	Bentham J.
dc.contributor.author	Di Cesare M.
dc.contributor.author	Bixby H.
dc.contributor.author	Danaei G.
dc.contributor.author	Hajifathalian K.
dc.contributor.author	Taddei C.
dc.contributor.author	Carrillo-Larco R.M.
dc.contributor.author	Djalalinia S.
dc.contributor.author	Khatibzadeh S.
dc.contributor.author	Lugero C.
dc.contributor.author	Peykari N.
dc.contributor.author	Zhang W.Z.
dc.contributor.author	Bennett J.
dc.contributor.author	Bilano V.
dc.contributor.author	Stevens G.A.
dc.contributor.author	Cowan M.J.
dc.contributor.author	Riley L.M.
dc.contributor.author	Chen Z.
dc.contributor.author	Hambleton I.R.
dc.contributor.author	Jackson R.T.
dc.contributor.author	Kengne A.P.
dc.contributor.author	Khang Y.-H.
dc.contributor.author	Laxmaiah A.
dc.contributor.author	Liu J.
dc.contributor.author	Malekzadeh R.
dc.contributor.author	Neuhauser H.K.
dc.contributor.author	Sorić M.
dc.contributor.author	Starc G.
dc.contributor.author	Sundström J.
dc.contributor.author	Woodward M.
dc.contributor.author	Abarca-Gómez L.
dc.contributor.author	Abdeen Z.A.
dc.contributor.author	Abu-Rmeileh N.M.
dc.contributor.author	Acosta-Cazares B.
dc.contributor.author	Adams R.J.
dc.contributor.author	Aekplakorn W.
dc.contributor.author	Afsana K.
dc.contributor.author	Aguilar-Salinas C.A.
dc.contributor.author	Agyemang C.
dc.contributor.author	Ahmad N.A.
dc.contributor.author	Ahmadvand A.
dc.contributor.author	Ahrens W.
dc.contributor.author	Ajlouni K.
dc.contributor.author	Akhtaeva N.
dc.contributor.author	Al-Raddadi R.
dc.contributor.author	Ali M.M.
dc.contributor.author	Ali O.
dc.contributor.author	Alkerwi A.
dc.contributor.author	Aly E.
dc.contributor.author	Amarapurkar D.N.
dc.contributor.author	Amouyel P.
dc.contributor.author	Amuzu A.
dc.contributor.author	Andersen L.B.
dc.contributor.author	Anderssen S.A.
dc.contributor.author	Ängquist L.H.
dc.contributor.author	Anjana R.M.
dc.contributor.author	Ansong D.
dc.contributor.author	Aounallah-Skhiri H.
dc.contributor.author	Araújo J.
dc.contributor.author	Ariansen I.
dc.contributor.author	Aris T.
dc.contributor.author	Arlappa N.
dc.contributor.author	Arveiler D.
dc.contributor.author	Aryal K.K.
dc.contributor.author	Aspelund T.
dc.contributor.author	Assah F.K.
dc.contributor.author	Assunção M.C.F.
dc.contributor.author	Avdicová M.
dc.contributor.author	Azevedo A.
dc.contributor.author	Azizi F.
dc.contributor.author	Babu B.V.
dc.contributor.author	Bahijri S.
dc.contributor.author	Balakrishna N.
dc.contributor.author	Bamoshmoosh M.
dc.contributor.author	Banach M.
dc.contributor.author	Bandosz P.
dc.contributor.author	Banegas J.R.
dc.contributor.author	Barbagallo C.M.
dc.contributor.author	Barceló A.
dc.contributor.author	Barkat A.
dc.contributor.author	Barros A.J.D.
dc.contributor.author	Barros M.V.
dc.contributor.author	Bata I.
dc.contributor.author	Batieha A.M.
dc.contributor.author	Batyrbek A.
dc.contributor.author	Baur L.A.
dc.contributor.author	Beaglehole R.
dc.contributor.author	Romdhane H.B.
dc.contributor.author	Benet M.
dc.contributor.author	Benson L.S.
dc.contributor.author	Bernabe-Ortiz A.
dc.contributor.author	Bernotiene G.
dc.contributor.author	Bettiol H.
dc.contributor.author	Bhagyalaxmi A.
dc.contributor.author	Bharadwaj S.
dc.contributor.author	Bhargava S.K.
dc.contributor.author	Bi Y.
dc.contributor.author	Bikbov M.
dc.contributor.author	Bista B.
dc.contributor.author	Bjerregaard P.
dc.contributor.author	Bjertness E.
dc.contributor.author	Bjertness M.B.
dc.contributor.author	Björkelund C.
dc.contributor.author	Blokstra A.
dc.contributor.author	Bo S.
dc.contributor.author	Bobak M.
dc.contributor.author	Boeing H.
dc.contributor.author	Boggia J.G.
dc.contributor.author	Boissonnet C.P.
dc.contributor.author	Bongard V.
dc.contributor.author	Borchini R.
dc.contributor.author	Bovet P.
dc.contributor.author	Braeckman L.
dc.contributor.author	Brajkovich I.
dc.contributor.author	Branca F.
dc.contributor.author	Breckenkamp J.
dc.contributor.author	Brenner H.
dc.contributor.author	Brewster L.M.
dc.contributor.author	Bruno G.
dc.contributor.author	Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B.
dc.contributor.author	Bugge A.
dc.contributor.author	Burns C.
dc.contributor.author	Bursztyn M.
dc.contributor.author	de León A.C.
dc.contributor.author	Cacciottolo J.
dc.contributor.author	Cai H.
dc.contributor.author	Cameron C.
dc.contributor.author	Can G.
dc.contributor.author	Cândido A.P.C.
dc.contributor.author	Capuano V.
dc.contributor.author	Cardoso V.C.
dc.contributor.author	Carlsson A.C.
dc.contributor.author	Carvalho M.J.
dc.contributor.author	Casanueva F.F.
dc.contributor.author	Casas J.-P.
dc.contributor.author	Caserta C.A.
dc.contributor.author	Chamukuttan S.
dc.contributor.author	Chan A.W.
dc.contributor.author	Chan Q.
dc.contributor.author	Chaturvedi H.K.
dc.contributor.author	Chaturvedi N.
dc.contributor.author	Chen C.-J.
dc.contributor.author	Chen F.
dc.contributor.author	Chen H.
dc.contributor.author	Chen S.
dc.contributor.author	Cheng C.-Y.
dc.contributor.author	Dekkaki I.C.
dc.contributor.author	Chetrit A.
dc.contributor.author	Chiolero A.
dc.contributor.author	Chiou S.-T.
dc.contributor.author	Chirita-Emandi A.
dc.contributor.author	Chirlaque M.-D.
dc.contributor.author	Cho B.
dc.contributor.author	Cho Y.
dc.contributor.author	Christofaro D.G.
dc.contributor.author	Chudek J.
dc.contributor.author	Cifkova R.
dc.contributor.author	Cinteza E.
dc.contributor.author	Claessens F.
dc.contributor.author	Clays E.
dc.contributor.author	Concin H.
dc.contributor.author	Cooper C.
dc.contributor.author	Cooper R.
dc.contributor.author	Coppinger T.C.
dc.contributor.author	Costanzo S.
dc.contributor.author	Cottel D.
dc.contributor.author	Cowell C.
dc.contributor.author	Craig C.L.
dc.contributor.author	Crujeiras A.B.
dc.contributor.author	Cruz J.J.
dc.contributor.author	D'Arrigo G.
dc.contributor.author	d'Orsi E.
dc.contributor.author	Dallongeville J.
dc.contributor.author	Damasceno A.
dc.contributor.author	Dankner R.
dc.contributor.author	Dantoft T.M.
dc.contributor.author	Dauchet L.
dc.contributor.author	Davletov K.
dc.contributor.author	De Backer G.
dc.contributor.author	De Bacquer D.
dc.contributor.author	de Gaetano G.
dc.contributor.author	De Henauw S.
dc.contributor.author	de Oliveira P.D.
dc.contributor.author	De Smedt D.
dc.contributor.author	Deepa M.
dc.contributor.author	Dehghan A.
dc.contributor.author	Delisle H.
dc.contributor.author	Deschamps V.
dc.contributor.author	Dhana K.
dc.contributor.author	Di Castelnuovo A.F.
dc.contributor.author	Dias-da-Costa J.S.
dc.contributor.author	Diaz A.
dc.contributor.author	Dickerson T.T.
dc.contributor.author	Do H.T.P.
dc.contributor.author	Dobson A.J.
dc.contributor.author	Donfrancesco C.
dc.contributor.author	Donoso S.P.
dc.contributor.author	Döring A.
dc.contributor.author	Dorobantu M.
dc.contributor.author	Doua K.
dc.contributor.author	Drygas W.
dc.contributor.author	Dulskiene V.
dc.contributor.author	Džakula A.
dc.contributor.author	Dzerve V.
dc.contributor.author	Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E.
dc.contributor.author	Eggertsen R.
dc.contributor.author	Ekelund U.
dc.contributor.author	El Ati J.
dc.contributor.author	Elliott P.
dc.contributor.author	Elosua R.
dc.contributor.author	Erasmus R.T.
dc.contributor.author	Erem C.
dc.contributor.author	Eriksen L.
dc.contributor.author	Eriksson J.G.
dc.contributor.author	Escobedo-de la Peña J.
dc.contributor.author	Evans A.
dc.contributor.author	Faeh D.
dc.contributor.author	Fall C.H.
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dc.contributor.author	Van Schoor N.M.
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dc.contributor.author	Vega T.
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dc.contributor.author	Verstraeten R.
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dc.contributor.author	Viikari-Juntura E.
dc.contributor.author	Vineis P.
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dc.contributor.author	Vlasoff T.
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dc.contributor.author	Wan Bebakar W.M.
dc.contributor.author	Wan Mohamud W.N.
dc.contributor.author	Wanderley R.S., Jr.
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dc.contributor.author	Wong-McClure R.A.
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dc.contributor.author	Wong T.Y.
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dc.contributor.author	Wu A.G.
dc.contributor.author	Wu F.C.
dc.contributor.author	Wu S.
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dc.contributor.author	Yan W.
dc.contributor.author	Yang X.
dc.contributor.author	Ye X.
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dc.contributor.author	Yoshihara A.
dc.contributor.author	Younger-Coleman N.O.
dc.contributor.author	Yusoff A.F.
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dc.contributor.author	Zampelas A.
dc.contributor.author	Zdrojewski T.
dc.contributor.author	Zeng Y.
dc.contributor.author	Zhao D.
dc.contributor.author	Zhao W.
dc.contributor.author	Zheng W.
dc.contributor.author	Zheng Y.
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dc.contributor.author	Cisneros J.Z.
dc.date.accessioned	2025-04-10T11:08:04Z
dc.date.available	2025-04-10T11:08:04Z
dc.date.issued	2018
dc.description.abstract	Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups. © The Author(s) 2018.
dc.identifier.DOI-ID	10.1093/ije/dyy016
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14701/47789
dc.publisher	Oxford University Press
dc.title	Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants
dc.type	Article

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Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

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