Premature labor and leukoerythroblastosis in a newborn with parvovirus b19 infection
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Leukoerythroblastosis is a rarely observed disease characterized by the presence of leukocytosis, erythroid and myeloid blast cells in peripheral blood. As to our knowledge, it was not diagnosed in a premature newborn before. A female case of 1164 grams who was born prematurely at 29th week of gestation by cesarean section was referred to our newborn intensive care unit due to prematurity and respiratory distress with no prenatal pathological findings. Physical examination revealed tachypnea and hepatosplenomegaly. Routine laboratory measurements of the case showed significant leukocytosis (85.000/mm(3)) and anemia (Hb: 9.6 gr/dL and Hct: 27.6%). Thrombocyte count was normal. Peripheral blood smear suggested leukoerythroblastosis with the presence of nucleated erythrocyte, monocytosis, and 4% blasts. Bone marrow cytogenetic examination was normal. Parvovirus B19 Ig G and M serology were detected to be positive. The etiological factors observed in leukoerythroblastosis occurring during neonatal and early childhood period are congenital-postnatal viral infections, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and osteopetrosis. As to our knowledge, no case diagnosed with leukoerythroblastosis in such an early phase is avaliable in literature. As a result, premature delivery and leukoerythroblastosis presentation was thought to develop secondary to intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection.