Direct Write Assembly of Graphene/Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composite Scaffolds and Evaluation of Their Biological Performance Using Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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2019
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Abstract
Scaffold and mesenchymal stem cell–based cartilage tissue engineering offers a favorable way for the repair and regeneration of injured cartilage. In this study, poly (ε-caprolactone) PCL scaffolds with grid-like structure having periodic lattice was manufactured by robocasting method in the presence of graphene nanoplatelets for cartilage tissue engineering applications. For this purpose, a PCL solution (20 wt%) containing pristine graphene nanopowders in the form of platelets was prepared as printing ink and it was dispensed through a nozzle at room temperature to an ethanol bath at 4 °C. The construction of porous scaffolds was made by a layer-by-layer assembly. Results revealed that graphene additions were not detrimental to deposition process and the structure of the resultant scaffolds. In vitro cell tests indicated that the prepared grid-like graphene/PCL composite scaffolds have good cytocompatibility and non-toxicity for mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The stem cells attached and proliferated well on the scaffolds and they also demonstrated a chondrogenic differentiation in the absence of transforming growth factors. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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Animals , Graphite , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Mice , Polyesters , Temperature , Tissue Engineering , Tissue Scaffolds , Bone , Cartilage , Cell culture , Cell engineering , Graphene , Scaffolds , Stem cells , Tissue , Tissue regeneration , alcohol , glycosaminoglycan polysulfate , graphene , ink , polycaprolactone , graphite , polycaprolactone , polyester , Caprolactone , Cartilage tissue engineering , Chondrogenic differentiation , Layer-by-layer assemblies , Mesenchymal stem cell , Poly (epsiloncaprolactone) , Robocasting , Transforming growth factors , animal cell , Article , bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell , cartilage , cell adhesion , cell differentiation , cell proliferation , cell structure , cell viability , chondrogenesis , controlled study , cytotoxicity , degradation , digital imaging , in vitro study , mouse , nonhuman , room temperature , scanning electron microscopy , temperature , tissue engineering , animal , chemistry , cytology , mesenchymal stem cell , procedures , tissue scaffold , Scaffolds (biology)