Browsing by Subject "hypothalamus hypophysis adrenal system"
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Item No pituitary gland volume change in medication-free depressed patients(2008) Eker C.; Ovali G.Y.; Ozan E.; Eker O.D.; Kitis O.; Coburn K.; Gonul A.S.Increased serum cortisol levels and a hyperactive hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been proposed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, there are inconsistent results regarding pituitary gland volume (PGV), which is one of the key elements of the HPA axis evaluated by MRI in depressed patients. In this study, we analyzed the PGV of medication-free moderately depressed MDD patients (N = 34) and age and sex matched healthy controls (N = 39). PGV did not differ between MDD patients and healthy controls [mean volume ± S.D.; 0.76 ± 0.17 cm3 and 0.75 ± 0.14 cm3; ANCOVA, F1,69 = 1.25 p > 0.05; respectively]. Our results confirm that volumetric PGV changes are not crucial for depression pathophysiology among unmedicated, moderately depressed adults. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Relationships between nicotine craving, orexin-leptin levels and temperament character traits among non-treatment seeking health professionals(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2018) Aşçibaşi K.; Deveci A.; Cengiz Özyurt B.; Oran Pirinçcioğlu A.; Taneli F.BACKGROUND: Repeated cigarette use in individuals generally occurs due to the craving for smoking. Orexin-leptin hormones and temperament character traits are thought to be important factors affecting nicotine craving. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine orexin-leptin blood levels, which appear in nicotine deprivation, in health professionals who were diagnosed as having tobacco use disorder in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) and to assess the temperament-character traits of the same group and to provide biologic and psychotherapeutic data for the treatment of tobacco abuse. METHODS: The study sample consisted of faculty of medicine students and resident physicians who were smokers (n = 40). The control group comprised medical students and resident physicians who were non-smokers (n = 40). The Sociodemographic and Clinical Information Form, DSM-IV SCID-I Clinical Version, and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were applied to both groups. Substance Craving Scale (SCS) and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence were applied only smoking group. Blood samples were taken for plasma orexin and serum leptin levels for both groups. RESULTS: The plasma orexin levels were lower in the smokers group (p <.001). No statistically significant relations were determined between the SCS and plasma orexin and serum leptin levels in the smoking group. No significant differences were determined between the leptin (U = 119.5, p =.33) and orexin (U = 99, p =.11) levels of the heavy and very heavy smokers. The total points of novelty seeking (NS), and NS3 and NS4 subscale points in the TCI of the smoking group (p =.003, p =.003, p =.002), and the self-directedness (SD) SD2 and SD5 (p =.02, p =.01) subscale points, and total cooperativeness points (TC), and C4 and C5 subscale points (p =.001, p =.002, p =.001) of the non-smoking group were found as high. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: Differences were detected between the smokers and non-smokers in TCI scale subgroups and in terms of orexin levels. These results will greatly assist in the fight against craving that appears as a result of smoking cessation. Orexin appears to be more specific for nicotine craving than leptin. It seems more likely that the quest for the treatment of craving will continue through orexin. Temperament and personality traits are important for determining psychotherapeutic and supportive approaches to the release of tobacco and tobacco products. A number of studies investigating monoaminergic mechanisms indirectly related to orexin and leptin are required to research temperament, which has a greater genetic burden. © 2018, © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Maternal psychiatric status and infant wheezing: The role of maternal hormones and cord blood cytokines(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Yilmaz O.; Yasar A.; Caliskan Polat A.; Ay P.; Alkin T.; Taneli F.; Odabasi Cingoz F.; Hasdemir P.S.; Simsek Y.; Yuksel H.Rationale: Maternal psychosocial stress might be associated with development of allergic diseases in the offspring. Objectives: To evaluate the association of maternal depression and anxiety with ever wheezing and recurrent wheezing among infants and to assess the role of maternal hypothalamo-pituatary-adrenal axis changes and fetal immune response in this association. Methods: This study encompasses two designs; cohort design was developed to evaluate the association of prenatal depression with development of wheezing in infants while nested case–control design was used to assess the role of maternal cortisol and tetranectin and cord blood interleukin 13 and interferon γ. Results: We enrolled 697 pregnant women. Elementary school graduate mother (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, p =.06), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 3.4, p =.001), familial history of asthma (OR = 2.7, p <.001) increased the risk of ever wheezing. Elementary school graduate mother (OR = 2.6, p =.002), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 4.8, p <.001) and familial history of asthma (OR = 1.7, p =.01) increased the risk of recurrent wheezing. Maternal previous psychiatric disease, or Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale or Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores were not associated with wheezing. Maternal tetranectin levels were significantly higher among never wheezers compared to the ever wheezers (264.3 ± 274.8 vs. 201.6 ± 299.7, p =.04). Conclusions: In conclusion, the major risk factors for ever wheezing and recurrent wheezing were maternal smoking, level of education and family history of asthma. However, maternal depression and anxiety were not determined as risk factors for wheezing. Maternal tetranectin carries potential as a biomarker for wheezing in the infant. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC